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## Meet the editors

Professor Dr. Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda Abreu (Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico) was born in 1968 in Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico. He received his BSc (Experimental Biology) degree from the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Mexico, in 1992, his MSc (Molecular Biology and Genetics) degree from the Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados,

IPN, Mexico, in 1996, and his PhD (Neurobiology) degree from the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, in 2001. He has more than 20 years of experience in Alzheimer´s disease research. He has written several articles about tau mRNA transport in the neuronal axon and Alzheimer´s disease, as well as book chapters where the main theme is brain rehabilitation. He is president and member of the Southeastern Mexican Chapter of the Society for Neuroscience, USA. He is involved in the training of doctoral students. He teaches molecular and cellular neurobiology and bioinformatics to PhD students.

Professor Dr. María Elena Hernández Aguilar (Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico) was born in the city of Xalapa Veracruz, Mexico. She received her BSc (Biology) degree from Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico, in 1989, her MSc (Physiology) degree from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, in 1993, and her PhD (Physiology) degree from the Universidad Nacional

Autónoma de México, Mexico, in 1997. Her area of research is the mechanisms that lead to prostate cancer. She has written a considerable number of articles and book chapters related to prostate cancer. She also investigates how major pelvic ganglia neurons may be involved in the generation of prostate cancer when they have degenerated. She coordinates PhDs in brain research studies and teaches neuroendocrinology to PhD students.

**Preface III**

Axon Guidance **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Neurons and Neurodegenerative Disease **19**

**Chapter 2 21**

**Chapter 3 49**

Gap Junction **69**

**Chapter 4 71**

Nerve Interface **93**

**Chapter 5 95**

Interface Nerve Tissue-Silicon Nanowire for Regeneration of Injured

Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Interactions during Axons Guidance

*by Sebastian Quintremil, Fernando Medina Ferrer, Javier Puente,*

Neurodegenerative Diseases and Their Therapeutic Approaches

Roles of Semaphorins in Neurodegenerative Diseases

*María Elsa Pando and María Antonieta Valenzuela*

*by Vela-Alcántara Ana and Tamariz Elisa*

*by Farhin Patel and Palash Mandal*

*by Vishwajit Ravindra Deshmukh*

Gap Junctions in the Dorsal Root Ganglia

Nerve and Creation of Bio-Electronic Device

*Lichodievskiy Volodymyr and Serozhkin Yuriy*

*by Klimovskaya Alla, Chaikovsky Yuri, Liptuga Anatoliy,*

**Section 1**

Contents

**Section 2**

**Section 3**

**Section 4**

## Contents


Preface

*Neurons, Dendrites and Axons* is an update of the information that exists about how axons develop and which signaling pathways are involved in the process. This book is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is about axon guidance through the action of the interaction between neurons, as well as the interaction with the extracellular matrix, leading to elucidate the complex connection that exists in the brain during its origin and development. The second chapter is about semaphorins and their relationship with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and sclerosis. It also describes the molecular mechanisms that could generate protection as a possible therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases and their therapeutic approaches are described in third chapter. The fourth chapter focuses on the gap junction of the dorsal root of the ganglion where the morphology of neurons is described, as well as their neurobiology. Last chapter focuses on the development of bioelectrical nerve interfaces that could be

The editors would like to express their deep gratitude to all the authors who contributed their knowledge to the development of this book. We also thank InTech

> **Dr. Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda Abreu Dr. María Elena Hernández Aguilar**

> > Xalapa, Veracruz, México

Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales/Universidad Veracruzana,

implanted to regenerate damaged nerves.

Publishing for spreading the knowledge worldwide.
