*Multifunctionality and Impacts of Organic and Conventional Agriculture*

#### **Table 3.**

*Annual effective dose to infant, children, and adult age groups due to intake of natural radionuclides in powdered and liquid milk samples of quantities 15 kg y<sup>1</sup> , 14 kg y<sup>1</sup> , and 8 kg y<sup>1</sup> , respectively.*


#### **Table 4.**

*The dose conversion factors of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th for the infant, children, and adult age groups [33].*

children should be reduced to avoid any future amassed radiological health side effect [34]; accordingly an optimized amount of milk is required to be recommended as a yearly permissible limit for consumption.

*Economic Approach to Risk Analysis of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORMs)… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92279*

**Table 5** shows the optimized annual consumption rate to stay within the international recommended range.

Following the exceeding of the UNSCEAR [26] μSvy<sup>1</sup> permissible limit from the recommended quantity of milk to be consumed by the three age groups, **Table 5**


#### **Table 5.**

*Annual effective dose to infants and children with a proposed annual consumption of 7 and 11 kg, respectively, of powder milk samples and 8 and 13 kg, respectively, for liquid milk.*



#### **Table 6.**

*Dose rate to different organs of the body due to radionuclides in powder and liquid milk.*

children should be reduced to avoid any future amassed radiological health side

*The dose conversion factors of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th for the infant, children, and adult age groups [33].*

**Radionuclides Powdered milk Annual effective dose(μSv)**

*Multifunctionality and Impacts of Organic and Conventional Agriculture*

40K Maximum 371.6 107.4 47.5

226Ra Maximum 386.4 300.5 97.7

232Th Maximum 1279.9 817.4 134.3

**Radionuclides Liquid milk Annual effective dose(μSv)**

40K Maximum 305.1 88.1 39.0

226Ra Maximum 305.9 237.9 77.3

232Th Maximum 1132.0 722.9 118.8

*Annual effective dose to infant, children, and adult age groups due to intake of natural radionuclides in*

Infant (12 y) 42 4700 4600 Children (712 y) 13 800 290 Adult (>17 y) 6.2 280 230

**Infants Children Adult**

**Infants Children Adult**

Minimum 200.0 57.8 25.6 Average 294.8 85.2 37.7

Minimum 204.3 158.9 51.7 Average 277.9 216.2 70.3

Minimum 748.1 477.8 78.5 Average 1034.6 660.7 108.5 Accumulated mean 1607.3 962 186.5

Minimum 137.7 39.8 17.6 Average 200.1 57.8 25.6

Minimum 175.4 136.4 44.3 Average 239.0 185.9 60.4

Minimum 579.7 370.2 60.8 Average 906.3 578.8 95.1 Accumulated maximum 1743.0 1048.9 235.1 Accumulate minimum 892.8 546.4 122.8 Accumulated mean 1345.4 822.5 181.1 UNSCEAR 2000 standard 200–800 200–800 200–800

*, 14 kg y<sup>1</sup>*

*, and 8 kg y<sup>1</sup>*

**Dose conversion factors (nSv/Bq) 40K 226Ra 232Th**

*, respectively.*

effect [34]; accordingly an optimized amount of milk is required to be

recommended as a yearly permissible limit for consumption.

*powdered and liquid milk samples of quantities 15 kg y<sup>1</sup>*

**Table 3.**

**Table 4.**

**70**
