Acknowledgements

Thanks are to the General Directorate of Research (DGI) from Veracruz University and the General Directorate of Superior University Education (PRODEP). Our gratitude is also for Nestle Company through the Cacao Nestle Plan of Mexico. Finally, we are indebted to the reviewers for their useful and constructive comments and suggestions regarding this document.

[6] van der Oost J, Jore MM, Westra ER, Lundgren M, Brouns SJ. CRISPR-based adaptive and heritable immunity in prokaryotes. Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 2009;34:401-407

Understanding CRISPR/Cas9: A Magnificent Tool for Plant Genome Editing

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81080

53

[7] Liu D, Hu R, Palla KJ, Tuskan GA, Yang X. Advances and perspectives on the use of CRISPR/Cas9 systems in plant genomics research. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 2016;

[8] Liu X, Wu S, Xu J, Sui C, Wei J. Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in plant biology. Acta

[9] Karvelis T, Gasiunas G, Young J, Bigelyte G, Silanskas A, Cigan M, et al. Rapid characterization of CRISPR-Cas9 protospacers adjacent motif sequence elements. Genome Biology.

[10] Ran FA, Cong L, Yan WX, Scott DA, Gootenberg JS, Kriz AJ, et al. In vivo genome editing using Staphylococcus aureus Cas9. Nature. 2015;520:186-191. DOI: 10.1038/nature14299

[11] Steinert J, Schiml S, Fauser F, Puchta H. Highly efficient heritable plant genome engineering using Cas9 orthologues from Streptococcus thermophilus and Staphylococcus aureus. The

[12] Jacobs TB, Lafayette PR, Schmitz RJ, Parrott WA. Targeted genome modifications in soybean with CRISPR/Cas9. BMC Biotechnology. 2015;15:16. DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0131-2

[13] Lieber MR. The mechanism of double-strand DNA break repair by the nonhomologous DNA end joining pathway. Annual Review of Biochemistry. 2010;79:181-211. DOI: 10.1146/

[14] Xie KB, Yang YN. RNA-guided genome editing in plants using a CRISPR-Cas system.

[15] Mojica F, Garcia-Martinez J, Soria E. Intervening sequences of regularly spaced prokaryotic repeats derive from foreign genetic elements. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 2005;60:

[16] Lindhout BI, Fransz P, Tessadori F, Meckel T, Hooykaas PJ, van der Zaal BJ. Live cell imaging of repetitive DNA sequences via GFP-tagged polydactyl zinc finger proteins.

[17] Miyanari Y, Ziegler-Birling C, Torres-Padilla ME. Live visualization of chromatin dynamics with fluorescent TALEs. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 2013;20:1321-1324.

[18] Jinek M, Jiang F, Taylor DW, Sternberg SH, Kaya E, Ma E, et al. Structures of Cas9 endonucleases reveal RNA-mediated conformational activation. Science. 2014;343(6176):

[19] Jiang F, Doudna JA. CRISPR-Cas9 structures and mechanisms. Annual Review of Bio-

physics. 2017;46:505-529. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-062215-010822

Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2017;7:292-302. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.01.002

30:70-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.01.007

2015;16:253. DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0818-7

annurev.biochem.052308.093131

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2680

174-182. DOI: 10.1007/s00239-004-0046-3

1247997. DOI: 10.1126/science.1247997

Plant Journal. 2015;84:1295-1305. DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13078

Molecular Plant. 2013;6:1975-1983. DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst119

Nucleic Acids Research. 2007;35:e107. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm618
