**6. Conclusion**

Although genetic enhancement of soybean seed quality contributes to advances in processing industries and improves the added value properties of final soybean products, soybean as a commodity is still mostly being paid for by weight and not by composition. Considering the fact that in Europe soybean is predominantly used as animal feed, i.e. as a protein source rather than oilseed crop, it is expected of European breeders to mainly focus on increasing the seed yield and protein content, since this would be most profitable for soybean producers. As soybean is becoming more appealing for human consumption in Europe, because of high nutritional value and health-promoting traits, breeding for improved amino acid, fatty acid and soluble sugar compositions as well as for increased isoflavone content is gaining importance but still not on a larger scale. Nevertheless, all efforts in describing the variability of important traits through research are invaluable not only for creating superior progeny but for germplasm preservation to oppose the narrowing of the genetic base. Although soybean is widely adaptable, significant environment effects for different seed quality traits, as well as the increased frequency of adverse weather events, emphasise the need for the development of local cultivars with improved performance and stability. The need for creating European soybean cultivars emanates from the demand for non-GM soybean as well, which motivates European breeders to use conventional breeding methods focusing on phenotype selection and MAS. Positive outcomes of breeding for improved seed quality recorded at the Agricultural Institute Osijek (Croatia) and other European soybean breeding programmes indicate that progress can be achieved even without genetic engineering. As this paper mainly focuses on MG 00 to II, commonly sown in Central and South-eastern Europe but suitable for growing in almost all European regions, information presented should be useful for soybean breeders and researches all over Europe and could promote the exchange of germplasm for introducing diversity, which is a prerequisite for any genetic advance.

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## **Author details**

Aleksandra Sudarić1,2, Maja Matoša Kočar1 \*, Tomislav Duvnjak<sup>1</sup> , Zvonimir Zdunić1,2 and Antonela Markulj Kulundžić<sup>1</sup>


2 Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Republic of Croatia

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**Chapter 4**

**Provisional chapter**

**Respiratory Health Risks from Exposure to Dust from**

**Respiratory Health Risks from Exposure to Dust from** 

Soybean and its processed forms have become an increasingly important part of agriculture, where they are widely used as an animal feedstuff and in an extensive range of human food products. This entails transportation from producer countries, largely the USA and South America, to importer destinations such as the EU and China. Soya is recognised as a dietary allergen, containing a number of identified allergenic proteins. Inhaled soya dust generated by occupational activities also causes respiratory health problems. Reports of "asthma epidemics" in harbour cities identified ill health in the community but were related to occupational activities of unloading/loading bulk soya without appropriate dust control measures. Inhaled allergens in already-sensitised individuals can cause a range of allergic symptoms in the eyes, nose, and respiratory tract, including occupational asthma (OA). Soybean dust can also cause health problems related to lung irritancy. Endotoxin and fungal contamination associated with soya are also potential respiratory hazards. This chapter reviews published data on ill health and symptoms from airborne exposure to allergens in dust from soybean and derivative products and the levels of exposure to dust and major allergens from a range of occupational activities. Other potential health hazards associated with soybean, such as

**Keywords:** soy, soybean, soya, asthmagen, allergy, occupational asthma, endotoxin

Soybean (*Glycine max* (L.) Merr.) has become one of the most important, versatile globally traded commodities, being a widely used source of protein, oil, and biofuel. Its uses include as a source of protein and fibre for livestock and an alternative to meat and dairy products in

> © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92839

**Soybean and Its Products**

**Soybean and Its Products**

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92839

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

endotoxin and fungal contamination, are also highlighted.

Howard J. Mason

Howard J. Mason

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

#### **Respiratory Health Risks from Exposure to Dust from Soybean and Its Products Respiratory Health Risks from Exposure to Dust from Soybean and Its Products**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92839

Howard J. Mason Howard J. Mason

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92839

#### **Abstract**

Soybean and its processed forms have become an increasingly important part of agriculture, where they are widely used as an animal feedstuff and in an extensive range of human food products. This entails transportation from producer countries, largely the USA and South America, to importer destinations such as the EU and China. Soya is recognised as a dietary allergen, containing a number of identified allergenic proteins. Inhaled soya dust generated by occupational activities also causes respiratory health problems. Reports of "asthma epidemics" in harbour cities identified ill health in the community but were related to occupational activities of unloading/loading bulk soya without appropriate dust control measures. Inhaled allergens in already-sensitised individuals can cause a range of allergic symptoms in the eyes, nose, and respiratory tract, including occupational asthma (OA). Soybean dust can also cause health problems related to lung irritancy. Endotoxin and fungal contamination associated with soya are also potential respiratory hazards. This chapter reviews published data on ill health and symptoms from airborne exposure to allergens in dust from soybean and derivative products and the levels of exposure to dust and major allergens from a range of occupational activities. Other potential health hazards associated with soybean, such as endotoxin and fungal contamination, are also highlighted.

**Keywords:** soy, soybean, soya, asthmagen, allergy, occupational asthma, endotoxin
