**Acknowledgements**

We thank Mr. Tomohiko Shinbara, Mr. Hiroki Kanemaru, Mr. Yusaku Suemoto, Mr. Kyosuke Takemori, Mr. Masato Shigehara, Mr. Kou Suzuki, Ms. Akari Miyamoto, and Hidekazu Uezono for their efforts on PDI of *E. coli* at University of Miyazaki.
