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**Chapter 3**

**Provisional chapter**

**Time-Lapse Microscopy**

**Time-Lapse Microscopy**

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81199

Alexander V. Kofman

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

and Alexander V. Kofman

John L. Collins, Bart van Knippenberg, Kai Ding and

**Keywords:** time-lapse, microscopy, real-time, imaging, cell

John L. Collins, Bart van Knippenberg, Kai Ding

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.81199

Time-lapse microscopy is a powerful, versatile and constantly developing tool for realtime imaging of living cells. This review outlines the advances of time-lapse microscopy and refers to the most interesting reports, thus pointing at the fact that the modern biology and medicine are entering the thrilling and promising age of molecular cinematography.

Originally described as *time-lapse cinemicrography (microphotography)* [1], the modern *time-lapse microscopy* (TLM) emerged as a powerful and continuously improving tool for studying the cellular processes and cell-cell interactions with the applications ranging from fundamental aspects of molecular and cell biology to medical practice. The related *time-lapse photography* is more relevant to observing non-microscopic objects, such as plants and landscapes. TLM is the technique of capturing the sequence of microscopic images at regular intervals. TLM allows scientists to observe cellular dynamics and behavior of the population of living cells as well as of the single living cell within the population [2, 3]. Live cell imaging and the first nonsophisticated TLM techniques were pioneered at the very beginning of the twentieth century [4]. However, to be visible in the light microscope, the cells are to be subjected to fixation and staining, the processes that kill the cells. Introduction of phase-contrast microscopy in 1940s, development of fluorescent and multidimensional microscopy, flow cytometry and computational tools made live cell imaging a widespread approach and prompted scientists to consider TLM as an essential technique that carries an enormous promise for basic biological

> © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

#### **Time-Lapse Microscopy Time-Lapse Microscopy**

John L. Collins, Bart van Knippenberg, Kai Ding and Alexander V. Kofman John L. Collins, Bart van Knippenberg, Kai Ding and Alexander V. Kofman

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81199

#### **Abstract**

Time-lapse microscopy is a powerful, versatile and constantly developing tool for realtime imaging of living cells. This review outlines the advances of time-lapse microscopy and refers to the most interesting reports, thus pointing at the fact that the modern biology and medicine are entering the thrilling and promising age of molecular cinematography.

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.81199

**Keywords:** time-lapse, microscopy, real-time, imaging, cell
