**Author details**

identifying new therapeutic targets and predictive/prognostic biomarkers, and developing

We thank Sunway Internal Research Grant INT-2018-SHMS-SIHD-01 from Sunway University and National Cancer Council Malaysia (MAKNA) Cancer Research Award (CRA) 2016 (EXT-SIDS-SIHD-MAKNA-2017-01) for partly supporting this work. This work is also partly supported by Sunway Medical Centre Research Funds (SRC/002/2017/FR and SRC/003/2017/FR). Siew-Wai Pang, Noel Jacques Awi, and Hooi-Yeen Yap are recipients of Sunway University

diagnostic assays and therapeutic drugs.

The authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.

HER human epidermal growth factor receptor

mTORC1 mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1

**Acknowledgements**

90 Cell Culture

Research Scholarships.

**Conflict of interest**

**List of Abbreviations**

ATG autophagy-related

ER estrogen receptor

HCQ hydroxychloroquine

HRP horseradish peroxidase

IHC immunohistochemistry

NF-κβ nuclear factor kappa beta NSCLC non-small-cell lung cancer

IF immunofluorescence

IKK IκB kinase

CQ chloroquine

ATP adenosine triphosphate

EGFR epidermal growth factor

Siew-Wai Pang, Noel Jacques Awi, Hooi-Yeen Yap and Sin-Yeang Teow\*

\*Address all correspondence to: ronaldsyeang@gmail.com

Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
