**2. Results**

*Education, Human Rights and Peace in Sustainable Development*

interstate cooperation.

reduced.

to achieving stability.

equalize all members of international organizations.

tional relations, both in bilateral and multilateral formats" [13].

It is useful to classify the conditions for interstate cooperation:

the development of interstate cooperation across the entire spectrum of interna-

In order to reveal the concepts of interstate cooperation, it is important to consider the conditions under which it can be implemented. Within this framework, E. Milner introduces a number of hypothetical conditions for the implementation of

1.the "reciprocity hypothesis". This hypothesis is based on the possibility of implementing equal opportunities for partner States, both in obtaining benefits from cooperation, and in incurring losses or receiving penalties for failure

2."Hypothesis about the number of actors". This hypothesis is related to the statement that the more actors involved in the cooperation process, the less benefits each of the partner States can receive from this cooperation. And, accordingly, on the contrary, reducing the number of actors expands the prospects for cooperation for the interacting parties in cooperation.

3. "the hypothesis of the iteration". This hypothesis is based on the statement that the longer the relationship exists between States, the more likely they are to enter the stage of cooperation. Due to the fact that iteration involves repeating something many times, in this case we mean the repeated repetition of successful experiences of cooperation between specific States. If there is not enough experience, the probability of successful inter-state cooperation is sharply

4.hypothesis of international regimes". This hypothesis presupposes the expectation that partner States have similar principles and rules for decisionmaking. The regime presupposes a set of norms, principles, and rules of decision-making in the field of establishing international relations. It is the international regime is a regulatory basis for the solution of international

Central to regime theory is the thesis of" hegemonic stability", according to

5. "Hypothesis of epistemic communities". This hypothesis suggests the development of self-organizing expert communities, which are based on collective values, are able to influence the adoption of economic and political decisions.

6. "the hypothesis of power asymmetry". This hypothesis assumes that States are unequal in relation to power and cooperation is most likely if one of the States has a strong influence in international politics, which will eventually contribute

In revealing the power asymmetry hypothesis, it is necessary to affirm that States are extremely unequal in terms of the power they wield and their influence in world Affairs, but they are equal before the law and in terms of their rights and obligations. In particular, the principle of "one country, one vote" should theoretically

Another important aspect of inter-state cooperation is the need to ensure collective security. "Collective security refers to an order of inter-state cooperation

conflicts and the implementation of inter-state cooperation.

which regimes were created and protected by the dominant powers.

to fulfill their obligations under concluded international treaties.

**302**

The current state and dynamics of development of interstate cooperation processes are determined by international and domestic processes that have transformed the spheres of international politics and economy over the past 50 years.

Firstly, with the collapse of the international order that emerged after World War II, the need to develop new agreements on cooperation between states has significantly increased. Although cooperation is not always mutually beneficial, attempts by states to reduce the negative impact of their political decisions on each other can lead to an overall increase in their well-being.

Secondly, from the concepts of "transnationalism" and "interdependence", in the context of which neorealist propositions became widespread in the 1970s and 80s, scientists came to the concept of globalization, which implies not only the traditional consideration of the international system as anarchic, but also the transformation of the principle of political territoriality, on which international relations were traditionally based on.

Thirdly, it is necessary to recognize the general decline of the traditional system of diplomacy. On the one hand, professional diplomacy is giving way to political support, 'loud' diplomacy and diplomacy of insults. On the other hand, professional diplomacy is being transformed into international technical management.

The development and existence of a state as a subject of international relations and international law cannot take place without external relations with other subjects of international law. The need for external relations requires the organization of an apparatus for the implementation of such relations and the regulation of these relations by means of international law.

#### **3. Discussion of results**

The problems of world politics, international relations, and everything that happens in the international arena have always been at the center of attention of journalists, politicians, analysts, and society as a whole. Aspects that are directly related to the search for means that will allow us to approach the implementation of foreign policy decisions or how to do it-in other words, aspects of diplomacy – were of interest, rather, to a narrower circle. The reasons for this attitude to diplomacy are understandable and partly justified. First of all, it is necessary to understand what is happening, outline the main foreign policy priorities and approaches, and then only look for ways to implement them.

Today, diplomacy is largely multi-party in nature and simultaneously involves the participation of more than two parties in solving and discussing problematic issues. This is due to the fact that the globalization of the modern world affects the interests of many parties at once.

Multilateral negotiation and multilateral diplomacy give rise to new opportunities but at the same time and difficulties in the bilateral environment. For example, an increase in the number of parties when discussing a problem situation leads to a more complex overall structure of interests, the formation of coalitions, and the appearance of leading States in negotiating forums. In addition, a large number of procedural, organizational and technical problems arise in multilateral negotiations, namely: the need to agree on the venue; the agenda, decision-making and decision-making; and the chairmanship of forums; accommodation of delegations, etc. All this, in turn, contributes to the bureaucratization of negotiation processes.

It is also necessary to note other features of modern diplomacy, which are due to current trends in global political progress. The interdependence of the world and globalization have increased the importance of diplomacy, which is carried out at the highest and highest levels, as it provides an opportunity for "broad linkages" between different aspects. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that agreements signed by top officials of countries provide additional guarantees for their implementation. In addition, at these meetings, heads of state have the opportunity to quickly get the necessary information "first-hand" and exchange views.

In addition, diplomacy at the highest and highest levels has a downside. First of all, the scale of decisions made dramatically increases the degree of responsibility for them, and, accordingly, the price of a possible error. This problem is particularly acute in crisis situations. In addition, it should be borne in mind that if agreements that were reached at the highest or high levels are suddenly considered erroneous after they are signed, it is much more difficult to abandon them than those signed similarly at a lower level, because in this situation, the country's officials are discredited.

Another limitation of diplomacy at the highest and highest levels is that it is largely determined by personal antipathies and sympathies, and this has an impact on foreign policy decisions. In addition, it should be borne in mind that diplomacy at the highest and highest levels can only be effective if it is well prepared. In other words, the participants of these meetings may be "hostages" of the public's hopes for a quick solution to the problem situation and take unjustified steps. It is for this reason that G. Nickolson was quite reserved about top-level and high-level diplomacy [13]. He believed that there were situations when the foreign Minister or the head of the Cabinet should be present at important conferences, but their private mutual visits should not be too encouraged. These visits, he wrote, raise hopes, lead to misunderstandings, and often create confusion.

In modern diplomacy, the emphasis is not just on refusing outright deception. The informative and communicative function of diplomacy is primarily aimed at forming a dialog.

A bilateral dialog is a recognition that the other side has its own goals and interests. This is not only natural and natural, but also a productive factor in terms of the progress of relations. It follows that the main function of communication and information is not the Directive imposition of one's own point of view, but the desire to seek a mutually acceptable solution to problems through dialog.

**305**

*Approaches to Analysis of Interstate Cooperation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93986*

**Author details**

tion processes.

Alexander Rozanov1

main function of diplomacy.

Elena N. Antonova3

Ludmila Ilicheva2

Dmitry Medvedev<sup>6</sup>

Amina Surpkelova2

Fernando Joao1

Oksana Gryuk9

Arkadi Bessonov2

Russian Federation

Russian Federation

\*, Maria Ivanchenko1

, Irina Kopachevskaya2

, Mikhail Smirnov2

, Maria Krotovskaya2

, Natalya Ogneva7

, Artyom Pakulskikh1

3 MGIMO University, Moscow, Russian Federation

\*Address all correspondence to: rozanov-88@list.ru

provided the original work is properly cited.

1 NUST MISIS, Moscow, Russian Federation

8 MSU, Moscow, Russian Federation

, Jesus Yaniz Gonzalez<sup>2</sup>

, Alexandra Baranova2

, Olga Belyaeva2

The ideas of progress in the inter-state dialog are also reflected in theoretical works on negotiations. The concept of hard bargaining, when each participant was concerned only with their own interests and presents their position as extremely closed, is replaced by the concept of joint analysis of the problem with the partner. It implies a focus on mutual satisfaction of interests and an open nature of negotia-

The focus on dialog in the modern world is conditioned by the need to seek solutions to emerging problems related to the fight against terrorism, the environment, the development of integration processes, conflict resolution, etc. through joint efforts. As a result, solving international problems objectively becomes the

, Furat Al-Mutairi1

, Polina Chernova1

2 Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow,

6 Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Moscow, Russian Federation

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

7 Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation

4 All-Russian Academy of Foreign Trade, Moscow, Russian Federation

5 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation

9 Technical School of The Ministry of Labor and Social Protection,

, Tatiana Grabovich3

, Valentina Komleva<sup>2</sup>

, Irina Sokurova<sup>2</sup>

,

, Zaru Utekova<sup>5</sup>

, Yulia Borisova<sup>2</sup>

, Alexandra Khramova8

, Alina Papsheva<sup>2</sup>

,

,

,

,

,

and

, Maria Ilicheva4

, Elvira Shishlo2

*Approaches to Analysis of Interstate Cooperation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93986*

The ideas of progress in the inter-state dialog are also reflected in theoretical works on negotiations. The concept of hard bargaining, when each participant was concerned only with their own interests and presents their position as extremely closed, is replaced by the concept of joint analysis of the problem with the partner. It implies a focus on mutual satisfaction of interests and an open nature of negotiation processes.

The focus on dialog in the modern world is conditioned by the need to seek solutions to emerging problems related to the fight against terrorism, the environment, the development of integration processes, conflict resolution, etc. through joint efforts. As a result, solving international problems objectively becomes the main function of diplomacy.
