Part III. Peace

Originally proposed and developed by the United Nations, International Peacekeeping has become an international means of maintaining and establishing peace on behalf of the entire world community under the auspices of the UN [8]. After the end of the Cold War, peacekeeping has firmly entered into the spectrum by means of various regional and sub-regional agreements and organizations.

The main actions within the framework of peacekeeping process have been called "peacekeeping operations", which could be defined as a set of political, diplomatic, military, and other forms and methods of collective efforts to restore international peace and stability in conflict areas through a system of coordinated measures to prevent, reduce, resolve, and eliminate the consequences of international, sub-regional, and local conflicts.

This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the recent peacekeeping activities, as well as the most important international initiatives of peace-building in the world's "hot spots".

The finalization of this book coincided with difficult times for the whole world due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which exacerbated all existing inequalities and contradictions. But at the same time, this universal disaster demonstrated the need for the long-standing concern for the humanization of people and respecting the core values of life, namely freedom, equality and security for everyone.

We sincerely hope that this book will contribute to the desire of humanity to make the world a better place.

**V**

We want to thank Author Service Managers Lada Božić, Rebekah Pribetić and Dajana Pemac for their time-consuming efforts to get all the authors to deliver their chapters after corrections. Without their active attitude, some important chapters

**Maigul Nugmanova**

Narxoz University, Kazakhstan

**Heimo Mikkola**

Finland

Russia

Gender Economics Research Center,

**Alexander Rozanov and Valentina Komleva**

Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration,

University of Eastern Finland,

would have been left out of the book.

We want to thank Author Service Managers Lada Božić, Rebekah Pribetić and Dajana Pemac for their time-consuming efforts to get all the authors to deliver their chapters after corrections. Without their active attitude, some important chapters would have been left out of the book.
