**4. Finnish case of migrants' inclusion analysis into local environments: materials and methods**

This and the following sections are devoted to comprehensive studies of the Finnish case [15]: migrants' integration into local cultural and political environment as well as public diplomacy impact assessing an important tool of "soft power" where migrants' role is quite high.

Finland is highly attractive both from the point of view of migration impact upon local community and taking into account multiple economic and cultural ties with Russia. Therefore, it is important to explore some possibilities for public diplomacy tools' application using Russian diaspora resource.

Since Russian diaspora in Finland is relatively significant, its communications are of certain interest from the point of view of public diplomacy instruments. Soft power is becoming an instrument not only for cross-border cooperation development but also for influencing identity and a serious resource of public diplomacy in promoting the "Russian world" abroad.

The goal is both to research on problems dealing with the Russian-speaking diaspora in Finland and public diplomacy tools (media analysis, social networks and social groups) aimed at migrants' integration policy upgrading in local communities.

**317**

*Public Diplomacy in Cross-Border Cooperation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92663*

Nowadays (both in Russia and in the world), the research is not devoted enough to migrants' political communication. In particular, in Russia, political communication is scrutinized in the following areas: power as a political communication, political communication theory, sociology of political communication, psychological aspects of political communication, information security impact on political communication, political communication as a way to deploy political order events; political communication as an independent phenomenon not as a function, but as a

Based upon a wide-known theoretical approaches in the field of migration-the so-called general migration theory (E. Ravenstein, Stoufer, E. Lee, etc.), we shall consider the Russian-speaking diaspora integrating problems in Finland as well as

The research is also dealing with Migrants Integration Policy Index developed according to Barcelona Center for International Affairs and Migration Policy Group [20–22]. This method embraces seven areas of migrants' integration: labor market mobility, family reunion, education, political participation, long-term residence, access to nationality and antidiscrimination (according to Migrant Integration Policy Index). Migrant integration policy index helps us to evaluate migrants' rights and well-being, analyze state migration policy and state's responsibility, as well as develop recommendations on migrants' integration policy. This article deals with one of the seventh integration areas in accordance with the Migrant Integration Policy Index-migrants' political participation, in particular, Russian migrants'

The research is based upon interviews, which result in respondents' typology development; political information channels were defined; and the influence of education and social inclusion upon political communication was characterized. Thus, for example, in Finland, migrants' personal data upon age, gender, country of origin, immigration country, religion, marriage and date of entry are obtained from a variety of sources accumulated in one information system "Population Information System" under Statistical Agency of Finland. Information on migrants is accumulating from different confessions' parishes, hospitals and the Migration Service of Finland. In Finland, migrants need to obtain ID card necessary for work or medical assistance, and for this, each migrant has to undergo a mandatory registration procedure in "Population Information System." Every year, "Population Information System" staff are serving migrants and thus checking their residential address. In 2014, it turned out that 99% of migrants have the same address. Each month, the information system generates final reports on changes occurred for the last month-"Population statistics service." At the end of each quarter, the information system provides provisional statistics on population changes for the year ("Quarterly population statistics"). Statistics on migrants is published annually: in electronic form in May and in paper form in June of each year ("Population struc-

Migrants' surveys allow to supplement the information system data from open

4.To get information that demands the response (e.g., which materials migrants

process; use of information and communication technologies [16].

some public diplomacy tools as a soft power resource [1, 17–19].

political communication in Finland (our case).

ture and vital statistics by municipality").

2.To identify migrants' sentiments

3.To define migrant problems

are reading)

sources and are used to achieve the following objectives:

1.To access detailed information on various parameters

#### *Public Diplomacy in Cross-Border Cooperation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92663*

*Heritage*

pupils [8].

population of 76,067 people [14].

and Russian languages.

information space [8].

trust and awareness.

**materials and methods**

where migrants' role is quite high.

promoting the "Russian world" abroad.

language training is carried out by the Department of Baltic-Finnish Philology at Petrozavodsk State University, at secondary schools and preschools, as well as in a number of commercial centers for foreign language study. There has been a tendency toward an increase in the number of children learning national languages. In preschool educational institutions in the academic year 2017–2018, Karelian, Veps and Finnish languages were studied by 1166 pupils, and at schools by 6820

In North Karelia (Finland), Russian language is taught both at schools and higher educational institutions. In 2017, there were about 3881 foreign citizens from 106 countries in North Karelia, of which the largest were Russians (43.2%), the next largest were Estonians (5.2%) and Somalis and Thais (a total of 3.8%) [13]. About 2344 foreign citizens lived in Joensuu, of which 955 were from Russia with a total

In the framework of cooperation with Finnish partners, permanent organizers of the events are the friendship societies Karelia-Finland and Finland-Russia, literature and concert programs and exhibitions, a week of Finnish cinema, and touring activities of creative groups. The National Theater of the Republic of Karelia is the only theater outside Finland where performances are staged in Finnish, Karelian

The greatest manifestation of cross-border sociocultural specificity is observed in the following areas: culture and art, project activities, education, tourism and

The border position of the Republic of Karelia (Russia) and North Karelia (Finland) contributes to everyday neighborhood practices development, new forms of interaction emergence based on past experience. Cross-border interaction has a positive effect on the development of good neighborly relations and activates local communities not only to create networks of cooperation and establish direct ties, but also to develop initiatives of local communities, increase mutual understanding,

The increasing role of border and cross-border territories in terms of sociocul-

**4. Finnish case of migrants' inclusion analysis into local environments:** 

This and the following sections are devoted to comprehensive studies of the Finnish case [15]: migrants' integration into local cultural and political environment as well as public diplomacy impact assessing an important tool of "soft power"

Finland is highly attractive both from the point of view of migration impact upon local community and taking into account multiple economic and cultural ties with Russia. Therefore, it is important to explore some possibilities for public

Since Russian diaspora in Finland is relatively significant, its communications are of certain interest from the point of view of public diplomacy instruments. Soft power is becoming an instrument not only for cross-border cooperation development but also for influencing identity and a serious resource of public diplomacy in

The goal is both to research on problems dealing with the Russian-speaking diaspora in Finland and public diplomacy tools (media analysis, social networks and social groups) aimed at migrants' integration policy upgrading in local

tural space transformation causes a significant research interest.

diplomacy tools' application using Russian diaspora resource.

**316**

communities.

Nowadays (both in Russia and in the world), the research is not devoted enough to migrants' political communication. In particular, in Russia, political communication is scrutinized in the following areas: power as a political communication, political communication theory, sociology of political communication, psychological aspects of political communication, information security impact on political communication, political communication as a way to deploy political order events; political communication as an independent phenomenon not as a function, but as a process; use of information and communication technologies [16].

Based upon a wide-known theoretical approaches in the field of migration-the so-called general migration theory (E. Ravenstein, Stoufer, E. Lee, etc.), we shall consider the Russian-speaking diaspora integrating problems in Finland as well as some public diplomacy tools as a soft power resource [1, 17–19].

The research is also dealing with Migrants Integration Policy Index developed according to Barcelona Center for International Affairs and Migration Policy Group [20–22]. This method embraces seven areas of migrants' integration: labor market mobility, family reunion, education, political participation, long-term residence, access to nationality and antidiscrimination (according to Migrant Integration Policy Index). Migrant integration policy index helps us to evaluate migrants' rights and well-being, analyze state migration policy and state's responsibility, as well as develop recommendations on migrants' integration policy. This article deals with one of the seventh integration areas in accordance with the Migrant Integration Policy Index-migrants' political participation, in particular, Russian migrants' political communication in Finland (our case).

The research is based upon interviews, which result in respondents' typology development; political information channels were defined; and the influence of education and social inclusion upon political communication was characterized. Thus, for example, in Finland, migrants' personal data upon age, gender, country of origin, immigration country, religion, marriage and date of entry are obtained from a variety of sources accumulated in one information system "Population Information System" under Statistical Agency of Finland. Information on migrants is accumulating from different confessions' parishes, hospitals and the Migration Service of Finland. In Finland, migrants need to obtain ID card necessary for work or medical assistance, and for this, each migrant has to undergo a mandatory registration procedure in "Population Information System." Every year, "Population Information System" staff are serving migrants and thus checking their residential address. In 2014, it turned out that 99% of migrants have the same address. Each month, the information system generates final reports on changes occurred for the last month-"Population statistics service." At the end of each quarter, the information system provides provisional statistics on population changes for the year ("Quarterly population statistics"). Statistics on migrants is published annually: in electronic form in May and in paper form in June of each year ("Population structure and vital statistics by municipality").

Migrants' surveys allow to supplement the information system data from open sources and are used to achieve the following objectives:


The authors developed a questionnaire in order to achieve the research goal. The questionnaire included 30 questions and was divided into five main categories: political information sources, political dialog, use of sources of information through the Internet, political participation and social status. Secondary questions were related to international news, national government, economic news, community events, and editorial columns of the local news.

Official statistics both of the UN and national states is widely applied [6, 23]. Migrants' survey is the most important tool that allows to identify structural changes in society and to evaluate reasons for these changes [24]. Migrants' surveys allow to supplement and provide more detailed information on statistics obtained from public information sources.
