Contents



**III**

**Chapter 16 291**

**Chapter 17 311**

**Chapter 18 329**

**Chapter 19 341**

Public Governance and Cultural Heritage: Exploring the Links between Culture and Social Indicators with the Principal Component Analysis

Public Diplomacy: Functions, Functional Boundaries and Measurement

China's Use of Public Diplomacy in the United States: From World War II

*by Ionela Munteanu Florea, Marioara Mirea and Cosmin Susu*

Public Diplomacy in Cross-Border Cooperation

*by Oleg Tolstoguzov and Maria Pitukhina*

to the Twenty-First Century

Methods *by Cao Wei*

*by Sally Burt*


Preface

This book presents research efforts in the field of heritage. According to the principle "Open Minds-Open Science", the approach of the researchers helps us to define, establish and affirm heritage in the cultural, social and political dimension of today's world based on what we have achieved and be specific to the realities of the 21st century. It shows us where we come from, where we are now, and in what direction we might be heading. It highlights both the differences between countries

Culture is a common system of symbols that determines our perceptions, representations and actions. It regulates the relationships of its members between themselves and with the environment in which they live. Culture is a flexible system that makes it possible for individuals to integrate into the system and adapt to other cultural systems. Transculturality transcends the traditional boundaries of cultures in our time. The follower of a culture agrees to embrace both his own values and those belonging to a world different from his own. Cultural heritage is made up of many big and small things. It is preserved through books, artifacts, objects, images, photographs, art and oral tradition. Sometimes we can touch and see what a culture is, other times it is intangible. The cultural heritage consists of testimonies with historical, archeological, documentary, ethnographic, artistic, scientific, technical, literary, cinematographic, numismatic, philatelic, heraldic, bibliophile, cartographic and epigraphic value, representing material testimonies of the evolution of the natural environment and human interaction with it, of the human creative

From this point of view, this book, *Heritage*, is transdisciplinary and contains the most diverse topics related to culture, art, nature, science, diplomacy and cultural policy. The volume is structured in six sections and several chapters, as follows.

The Cultural Heritage section, chapter Significance in African Heritage brings a wealth of information about the African heritage. The Cultural Heritage Objects of Southern Benin: Plant Dyes and Exudates Used în Their Confection chapter contains results of research and analysis carried out in a multidisciplinary context and provides information on the techniques formerly used by artists and craftsmen as well as on the original materials used. The Promoting Territorial Cultural Systems through Urban Planning chapter presents a topic about promoting territorial cultural systems through urban planning. In this context cultural heritage it is shown as the driving force of development and the planning process must be able to construct shared development scenarios. The Historic Masonry chapter shows that different types of historical masonry that have remained over time are characterized by an adequate mixture of materials with low chemical reactions that are degrading due to environmental conditions. In the Cultural Heritage of a Three Centuries Old Wooden Church chapter the research team consider that archaeomaterials are a good solution due to high degree of compatibility with the original pigments and all materials. The Tropaeum Augusti (France) and Tropaeum Traiani (Romania): A Comparative Study chapter is focused on the long-term sustainability of these heritage monuments, which today represents the guarantee of the legacy of

potential and of its contribution to the universal civilization.

and regions and the mutual exchanges.
