**7. References**


Interestingly, the possible implication of others genes involved of homing and migration process of CD34+ cells and for instance VCAM-1 to higher or lower mobilization yield of PBPC might emphasize new strategies for poor mobilizers subjects and lead to the

In the present study, we observed a significant association for CXCL12 and MMP-9 polymorphisms exclusively in patients with MM, NHL and Hodgkin's disease suggesting that these polymorphisms are fair candidate gene variants to these 3 hematological diseases. Furthermore we've confirmed that the SDF1-3'A allele was highly associated to a good mobilizing capacity especially in the group of healthy allogenic PBSC donors where the

Besides, we suggested a possible association of GG genotypes to poorer mobilization is

Catia Andreassi and Antonella Riccio. (2004). To localize or not to localize: mRNA fate is in

J. Arai, M Yasukawa, Y. Yakushijin, T. Miyazaki, S. Fujita. (2000). Stromal cells in lymph

Benboubker L, Watier H, Carion A, Georget MT, Desbois I, Colombat P, et al. (2001).

Bogunia-Kubik K, Gieryng A, Dlubek D, Lange A. (2009). The CXCL12-3'A allele is

Dlubek D, Drabczak-Skrzypek D, Lange A. (2006). Low CXCR4 membrane expression on

Florence Dommange,\* Guillaume Cartron, Claire Espanel, Nathalie Gallay, Jorge

De Oliveira KB, Oda JM, Voltarelli JC, Nasser TF, Ono MA, Fujita TC, et al. (2009). CXCL12

mobilized into peripheral blood in humans. Br J Haematol; 113:247–50. Belvisi MG and Bottomley KM. (2003). The role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the

nodes attract B-lymphoma cells via production of stromal cell-derived factor-1. Eur.

Association between the SDF1-3\_A allele and high levels of CD34+ progenitor cells

pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a therapeutic

associated with a higher mobilization yield of CD34 progenitors to the peripheral blood of healthy donors for allogeneic transplantation. Bone Marrow

CD34+ cells characterizes cells mobilized to blood. Bone Marrow Transplant 37:19.

Domenech, Lotfi Benboubker, et al for the GOELAMS Study Group. (2006). CXCL12polymorphism and malignant cell dissemination/tissue infiltration in

rs1801157 polymorphism in patients with breast cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and

identication of new biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets.

analysis not biased by background disease or chemotherapy.

3'UTR ends. Trends in Cell Biology; Vol.19 No.9

role for inhibitors of MMPs? *Inflamm. Res.* 52: 95-100.

acute myeloid leukemia. FASEB J; 20: 1296–1300

non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Lab Anal, 23(6):387-93.

We thank all participant and all patients in this work

J. Haematol; 64:323-32.

Transplant:273-8.

**5. Conclusion** 

already deduced.

**7. References** 

**6. Acknowledgment** 


**15** 

*México* 

**Hematopoietic Derived Fibrocytes:** 

 *Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México* 

Carolina García-de-Alba, Moisés Selman and Annie Pardo

**Emerging Effector Cells in Fibrotic Disorders** 

Fibrocytes constitute a unique population of mesenchymal progenitor cells from hematopoietic origin. They display a unique spectrum of immune and molecular characteristics such as the simultaneous expression of mesenchymal (collagen types I and III, fibronectin), leukocyte (CD45), monocyte (CD14), and hematopoietic stem cell (CD34) markers. Fibrocytes were initially described in the context of wound repair and since their original description in 1994, our understanding and knowledge of this novel cell population has grown considerably. They have the potential to differentiate into fibroblasts and myofibroblasts among other mesenchymal cells such adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. Fibrocytes are a rich source of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines that provide important intercellular signals within the local tissue microenvironment. Moreover, fibrocytes possess the immunological features typical of an antigen-presenting cell (APC), and they have the capacity

The aim of this chapter is to present a comprehensive overview over the history and recent findings on the biology of fibrocytes as well as their putative participation in fibrotic disorders.

After an injury occurs, a number of extracellular and intercellular responses are initiated and coordinated in order to restore the tissue integrity and homeostasis. Wound healing is a dynamic, interactive process in which cellular components of the immune system, the blood coagulation cascade and the inflammatory pathways are activated. The cells involved including neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, keratinocytes and fibroblasts undergo marked changes in gene expression and phenotype, leading to cell proliferation, differentiation and migration (Singer & Clark 1999; Arabi et al.,

Tissue fibroblasts play a key role not only in normal reparative processes, but also in pathological fibrotic processes. In the past decade it has been established that fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, which participate in repair and fibrosis have their origin not only in the fibroblasts already present in the injured tissues, but also may derive from other sources such as mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells (Hinz et al., 2007). The notion of a

**1. Introduction** 

**2. History** 

2007; Gurtner et al., 2008)

for the presentation of antigens to naïve T-cells.

