**9. Conclusion**

Current protocols of gene therapy of hematopoietic and immune system, despite significant efforts by numerous teams worldwide, demonstrate as yet a relatively modest clinical efficiency. However, there are sufficient reasons to assume that many rather inconspicuous yet significant recent technical developments are preparing the field for a decisive breakthrough in the near future. In addition, new cutting- edge technologies such as direct cell reprogramming are entering the scene and may eventually present a radically different and a more efficient solution of the problem. Given all these considerations, the future of gene therapy of blood and immune system diseases looks definitely bright.
