**5.3 Umrabaraba**

Umrabaraba is an African logic game that can be adapted according to the age group of players. A 3 by 3 square is drawn. One vertical and one horizontal line are drawn inside the square and meet at the centre. Two diagonal lines are also drawn inside the square to meet at the centre.

### *5.3.1 Procedure*

Only two players at a time play as opponents. Each player plays with three counters of the same colour different from the opponent. Each player takes turn to place the counter. It is each player's role to block the other player from placing the

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*Black Students' Rich Mathematical Experiences: Mathematics Concepts and Xhosa Cultural…*

three counters to form a straight line whether it is diagonal. The winner is the player

Itreyini is a cultural game that is called train in English. This game is played by 22 children. Two of these children are heads of two different carriages. The heads of the carriages secretly give each carriage a name. For example, the other might be a

All 20 children wait to be called to the heads of the train. Each child is whispered to choose between a chocolate and a cake. Once the choice is made, the child goes behind the head s/he has chosen. This continues until all 20 children have selected the head they belong to. Once the choices are made, the carriages are made of the children that have chosen each head. The time now to create a bridge by drawing a line on the floor comes. Each head together with their carriages try to pull each other; the ones that crossover the line belong to the group on the other side. There is a strategy implemented during the pulling time. Those children who are stronger are the ones who must always be directly pulling the head, and the tiny ones are

chocolate and the other a biscuit, and these names are kept secretly.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81039*

*5.3.1.1 Concepts*

• Logic

*5.3.1.2 Skills*

**5.4 Itreyini**

*5.4.1 Procedure*

*5.4.2.1 Concepts*

• Adding

• Subtracting

• Balancing

*5.4.2.2 Guessing*

• Motor skills

• Probability

• Prediction

• Concentration

• Internal logical thinking

always at the back until the game is over.

*5.4.2 Mathematical concepts and skills that can be learned*

who manages to place his/her counters on a straight line first.

*Black Students' Rich Mathematical Experiences: Mathematics Concepts and Xhosa Cultural… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81039*

three counters to form a straight line whether it is diagonal. The winner is the player who manages to place his/her counters on a straight line first.
