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120 Active Learning - Beyond the Future

DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2706-0.ch002

10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.012

**Chapter 9**

**Provisional chapter**

**Social and Ethical Dilemmas in Working with School**

**Social and Ethical Dilemmas in Working with School** 

We examined the differences in the way school counselors handle social and moral dilemmas in secondary schools for children with learning disabilities. This study compared educational counselors with open approaches to counselors with more conservative approaches to social and moral dilemmas. The study raised two questions. (1) How do school counselors with more open pedagogical approaches handle social and moral dilemmas? (2) How do school counselors with more conservative pedagogical approaches handle social and moral dilemmas? The participants were 15 school counselors in secondary schools who worked with students with learning disabilities. We asked the counselors to describe a dilemma that they had experienced in the course of their work. The findings show that we can divide school counselors into two groups based on the way they handle dilemmas: a more open group and a more conservative group. The results of our study will enable us to improve the training programs for school counselors and provide more effective treatment approaches to solve social and moral dilemmas school counselors encounter.

**Keywords:** social dilemmas, ethical dilemmas, moral dilemmas, learning disabilities,

In the educational reform introduced in 1968, junior high schools (7th through 9th grades) were established, and senior high schools were to include only 10th to 12th grades. Senior high schools, in contrast to elementary and junior high schools, include specialized learning tracks. High school students select a few areas of interest on which to focus their studies.

> © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.81160

**Counselors in Secondary Schools for Students with**

**Counselors in Secondary Schools for Students with** 

**Learning Disabilities**

**Learning Disabilities**

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81160

open approach, school counselor

Saied Bishara

Saied Bishara

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

#### **Social and Ethical Dilemmas in Working with School Counselors in Secondary Schools for Students with Learning Disabilities Social and Ethical Dilemmas in Working with School Counselors in Secondary Schools for Students with Learning Disabilities**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.81160

Saied Bishara Saied Bishara

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81160

#### **Abstract**

We examined the differences in the way school counselors handle social and moral dilemmas in secondary schools for children with learning disabilities. This study compared educational counselors with open approaches to counselors with more conservative approaches to social and moral dilemmas. The study raised two questions. (1) How do school counselors with more open pedagogical approaches handle social and moral dilemmas? (2) How do school counselors with more conservative pedagogical approaches handle social and moral dilemmas? The participants were 15 school counselors in secondary schools who worked with students with learning disabilities. We asked the counselors to describe a dilemma that they had experienced in the course of their work. The findings show that we can divide school counselors into two groups based on the way they handle dilemmas: a more open group and a more conservative group. The results of our study will enable us to improve the training programs for school counselors and provide more effective treatment approaches to solve social and moral dilemmas school counselors encounter.

**Keywords:** social dilemmas, ethical dilemmas, moral dilemmas, learning disabilities, open approach, school counselor
