**6. Conclusions**

*Intellectual Property Rights - Patent*

The Manual of Patent Office Practice and Procedure provides a reason as to why

Section 3(l). A literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work or any other esthetic

Section 3(m). A mere scheme or rule or method of performing mental act or

Example: Method for solving a crossword puzzle, Method of learning a language

Three-dimensional configuration of the electronic circuits used in microchips and semiconductor chips is not patentable because protection of Layout Designs of Integrated Circuits is governed separately under the Semiconductor Integrated

Section 3(p). An invention which in effect, is traditional knowledge or which is an aggregation or duplication of known properties of a traditionally known compo-

Use of turmeric, neem, tulsi, etc. is not patentable as it is traditionally known. Although, if someone develops a medicine from tradition plant, for example. Ointment having an active ingredient that is an extract from leaf of the plant, is patentable [52]. **Case 11: Patent application entitled "device used for manually hauling** 

creation whatsoever including cinematographic works and television productions [16] (Note: These subject matters fall under the copyright and related right

"Mathematical methods" includes mental skill as they are not patentable. Mathematical methods are used for writing algorithms and computer programs for different applications are also not patentable although the applicants may argue that the said invention is of technical advancement, not the mathematical model

*Patent application details for case 10 on A Chaos Theoretical Exponent Value Calculation System.*

mathematical or business methods are not considered patentable.

The patents protect ideas, not just expressions of them.

Example: Prepare a drama from a book.

Section 3(n). A presentation of information; Example: Spoken words, symbols, diagrams [49]. Section 3(o). The topography of integrated circuits [50];

Circuit Lay-out Designs Act, 2000 [51].

**44**

[17, 47, 48]."

**Table 9.**

protection);

method of playing a game;

nent or components.

**agricultural produce"**

The patent is granted to the inventor to encourage innovations by providing exclusive rights to the owner for the limited period of time and to reveal his invention for propagation of knowledge and welfare of the society. Intellectual property protection is of larger importance to the researcher and research industries as the research and development process is expensive and time-consuming. In the present chapter, the authors have used a case study approach to explain patentability criteria and nonpatentable inventions as per the Indian Patent Act. By disseminating the knowledge on patentability and non-patentability criteria, the author will guide the researchers for answering the question of whether the research which they are doing is patentable or not? It will save time, money and manpower for the patent drafting, application, and examination process as well as promote researchers for doing patentable research.
