Preface

The purpose of this book, *Intellectual Property Rights – Patent*, is to discuss the issues pertaining to IPR, more specifically on patents. We have taken into account divergent issues related to patents starting from invention to filing of a patent and issues that come along with it. The authors were selected from different countries with varied backgrounds and this gives the reader an understanding of global issues.

At the outset, a country or a person who possesses intellect will make huge impact upon the world. Today's technological applications are yesterday's intellect of an individual or an organisation. A nation builds on that platform. It is imperative that we build strong intellectual property.

With this idea, we chose authors from different countries who could add the issues and solutions of their country that enable us to understand this topic better.

The diversity of authors helped us to divulge the advances of Intellectual Property Rights worldwide. Their inputs will give the readers an insight into the issues faced by academicians, industry, and research institutes, and directions for future.

This book is recommended for research scholars, students, industrial experts, technologists, and scientists to gather knowledge on worldwide patenting issues. It was a great experience to write and edit this book and particularly the support extended by the publishers and their team had been extremely good.

The Prologue one by **Sakthivel Lakshmana Prabu and Suriyaprakash TNK** discusses the genesis of patenting and discusses in length the drafting of a patent form.

**D.Sc. Hasner Cecilia** authored a chapter titled 'Technological Trajectories Studies of Sugarcane Ethanol Production Using Patent Citation', where they discussed how the production of ethanol from sugarcane has migrated from the first to the second generation thanks to the biotechnological advancement in the production process.

The chapter titled 'Case Study on Rejected Patents in India' is by **Dr. Patel Hetal.** India is a country that has understood the importance of strong patent systems for the growth of industry and commerce to bring it in line with the modern world. In this chapter, the authors have discussed a few of the cases of rejection under the Indian Patent Act.

**Taleuzzaman Mohamad** has written a chapter on 'Patent Application Preparation and Filing, which helps the reader to understand the nuances of writing a patent application.

The chapter titled 'The Patenting of Products and Processes Used for the Treatment of Smoke Inhalation' by **M.D. De Carvalho Fernanda** describes how Intellectual Property enables the transformation of knowledge in principle and the link between knowledge and the market.

**II**

**Chapter 8 91**

Commercial Application **117**

**Chapter 9 119**

**Chapter 10 143**

**Chapter 11 159**

Activities Pivotal for the Sustainability of Newly Established Technology Transfer Offices: A Case Study of Publicly Financed South African

Internal Relationship and Impact Path between Innovation and

Entrepreneurship: Based on China's High-Tech Industry

Dissemination of Distributed Energy Technologies

Business Incubator and Economic Development

*by José Moleiro Martins, António Abreu and João M.F. Calado*

*by Arkady Trachuk and Natalia Linder*

*by Kai Zhao and Lixiang Wang*

**Section 3**

Universities

*by Sebua S. Semenya*

In Prologue two: Transfer of Technology , Dr. **Jacob-Lopes Eduardo** discusses the technology transfer that holds an important portfolio in the present scenario.

'Patents as a Yardstick for Economic Growth: Case of Indian R&D System' by **Kumar Abhishek** discusses how novel creations by human are well appreciated and acknowledged but there exists several lacunae such as illegal copying.

**Kai Zhao** and **Lixiang Wang** discuss the 'Internal Relationship and Impact Path between Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Based on China's High-Tech Industry'. Innovation is the source of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship is the value embodiment of innovation, and the two are inseparable.

**Semenya Sebua** has written a chapter titled "Activities Pivotal for the Sustainability of Newly Established Technology Transfer Offices: A Case Study of Publicly Financed South African Universities".

The chapter 'Dissemination of Distributed Energy Technologies' by **Trachuk Arkady** analyzes the amplification of distributed power generation technologies among industrial companies, as well as the factors for the adoption of new technologies by industrial companies in Russia.

**Martins José** titled a chapter 'Business Incubator and Economic Development' and this chapter aims to divulge the details of Technology Business Incubator and its importance for entrepreneurship.

We acknowledge the full support of all the authors and special thanks to IntechOpen for their help and full support on the completion of the book.

**Dr. Sakthivel Lakshmana Prabu**

Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, India

> **Suriyaprakash TNK** Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, India

> > **1**

Section 1

Overview of IPR

**Dr. Eduardo Jacob-Lopes and Dr. Leila Queiroz Zepka** Professor, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
