**2. IP rights at a glance**

Intellectual properties denote novel makings of brain like invention, literary and art works, symbol(s), name(s), images, etc. generally seen in business. Intellectual property is categorized as follows:

**78**

*Intellectual Property Rights - Patent*

[1] Min JW, Vonortas NS, Kim Y.

Commercialization of transferred public technologies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2019;**138**:10-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2018.10.003

transfer. Metz B, Davidson OR, Martens J-W, van Rooijen SNM, McGrory VWL, Editors. Special Report prepared by IPCC Working Group III. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2000

[9] Lavoie JR, Daim T. Technology transfer: A literature review. In: R&D Management in the Knowledge Era. Cham: Springer; 2019. pp. 421-438. DOI:

[10] Djoghlaf A, Freeman J. Third review of the effectiveness of the financial mechanism of the convention on biological diversity. Available from: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/ download?doi=10.1.1.178.2408&rep=rep 1&type=pdf [Acessed: 25 August 2019]

[11] Fernandes CR, Machado AGC. Technology transfer capability: Development dynamics in higher education institutions. Brazilian Business Review. 2019;**16**:1-15. DOI:

10.15728/bbr.2019.16.1.1

[12] Robertson TS, Gatignon H. Competitive effects on technology diffusion. Journal of Marketing. 1986;**50**:1-12. DOI: 10.2307/1251581

10.1007/978-3-030-15409-7

[2] Phaal R, Farrukh CJP, Probert DR. Technology management process assessment: A case study. International Journal of Operations & Production Management. 2001;**21**:1116-1132. DOI:

[3] Guerrero M, Urbano D, Fayolle A, Klofsten M, Mian S. Entrepreneurial universities: Emerging models in the new social and economic landscape. Small Business Economics. 2016;**47**:551- 563. DOI: 10.1007/s11187-016-9755-4

[4] Günsel A. Research on effectiveness of technology transfer from a knowledge based perspective. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2015;**207**:777-785. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.10.165

[5] Viñuales JE, editor. The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development: A Commentary. New York: Oxford University Press; 2015. Available from: 10.1093/ law/9780199686773.001.0001

[6] Roffe P. Transfer of Technology: UNCTAD's Draft International Code of Conduct. The International Lawyer, Spring. 1985;**19**:689-707. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/40705630

[7] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA). Climate change: Technology development and technology transfer. New York NY: UN. Available from: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/ content/documents/1465back\_paper. pdf [Acessed: 25 August 2019]

[8] IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Methodological and technological issues in technology

10.1108/EUM0000000005588

Industrial property Patents, trademarks, industrial designs, geographical indications

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Copyright and
related rights
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• Any process of medical, surgical, curative, prophylactic diagnostic,

• Literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work or any esthetic creation

Copyright/author's rights—A legal term to describe the rights conferred for novel literary and artistic works created by an author/creator. Inventions that come under copyrights include books, musical compositions, portraits, films, computer programs, information databases, commercial advertisements, geographical maps, technical drawings, etc. Exhaustive lists of works covered by copyright are usually

**Economic rights:** It allows the owner to produce monetary rewards from the

The Berne Convention is a landmark in copyright protection, where the copyright is granted automatically without registration. Most of the nations have a systematic structure for the registration of innovative works. Such registration arrangements can assist in resolving disputes over ownership or creation and

A trademark is a "distinctive sign" that identifies certain goods or services as those produced or provided by a specific person or enterprise. Trademarks may be

**Moral rights:** It protects the non-economic interests of the author(s). The economic rights the owner of a work can exclude or allow:

treatment of animals to free them from disease

*Patents as a Yardstick for Economic Growth: Case of Indian R&D System*

• A presentation of information

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92605*

**2.2 Copyright and related rights**

not to be found in legislation.

application of respective works

• translation into other languages

• public performance (play or musical work)

• adaptation (novel into a film/screenplay)

facilitate the financial transactions and/or transfer of rights [3].

obtained for the brand name of a particular product or service.

• reproduction in any form

• recordings

**2.3 Trademark**

**81**

• broadcasting

• Topography of integrated circuits

• Inventions related to atomic energy

• Mathematical or business methods or computer programs

The two kinds of rights covered under copyright include:

therapeutic, or other treatment of human beings or processes similar to the

• Plants and animals as a whole or any parts thereof other than microorganisms

**Figure 1.** *Kinds of intellectual property rights.*
