Chapter 7 **Biopesticide of Neem Obtained by Enzyme-Assisted Extraction: An Alternative to Improve the Pest Control 109**

Argel Flores Primo, Violeta T. Pardío, Karla M. López, Dora L. Pinzón, María D. Marriezcurrena, Arfaxad Aguilar, Elissa Chávez and Sóstenes R. Rodríguez

Preface

two sections.

areas is described.

to pest control.

Soil contamination poses an imminent risk to the world, both for its direct and indirect im‐ pacts. For this reason, we have chosen six chapters distinguished by their quality and impact from different parts of the world. This book discusses the main effects of soil contamination; as well as some alternatives for sustainable development, with the aim of reducing the harmful effects produced by human activities on the environment. The book is divided into

In the first section of the book, research by academics with international recognition ana‐ lyzes the problem of soil contamination and describes the ecotoxicological tests used to as‐ sess the quality of the soil. In this section, you will find two cases of soil contamination: one caused by the mining industry, where the biological activity of the soil in a gradient of ar‐ senic and lead concentration was evaluated in Villa de la Paz, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, and another where the flow in unsaturated soils and the transport of herbicides in agricultural

In the second section of the book, three sustainable soil alternatives are shown: (1) mitiga‐ tion of nitrous oxide emissions during nitrification and denitrification processes in agricul‐ tural soils using enhanced efficiency fertilizers; (2) management of paddy soils for low greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable rice production in the changing climatic condi‐ tions, and (3) biopesticides of neem obtained by enzyme-assisted extraction: an alternative

**Prof. Dr. Dinora Vázquez-Luna**

Facultad de Ciencias Químicas

Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico **Prof. Dr. María del Camen Cuevas Díaz** Environmental Engineering Career Coordinator

Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico

Coordinator of Master's Degree in Agricultural Development Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas de Producción Agropecuaria
