Scope of the Series

Modern physiology requires a comprehensive understanding of the integration of tissues and organs throughout the mammalian body, including the expression, structure, and function of molecular and cellular components. While a daunting task, learning is facilitated by our identification of common, effective signaling pathways employed by nature to sustain life. As a main example, the cellular interplay between intracellular Ca2 increases and changes in plasma membrane potential is integral to coordinating blood flow, governing the exocytosis of neurotransmitters and modulating genetic expression. Further, in this manner, understanding the systemic interplay between the cardiovascular and nervous systems has now become more important than ever as human populations age and mechanisms of cellular oxidative signaling are utilized for sustaining life. Altogether, physiological research enables our identification of clear and precise points of transition from health to development of multi-morbidity during the inevitable aging process (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, age-related macular degeneration; cancer). With consideration of all organ systems (e.g., brain, heart, lung, liver; gut, kidney, eye) and the interactions thereof, this Physiology Series will address aims of resolve (1) Aging physiology and progress of chronic diseases (2) Examination of key cellular pathways as they relate to calcium, oxidative stress, and electrical signaling & (3) how changes in plasma membrane produced by lipid peroxidation products affects aging physiology

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

*by Mohammed Awad Ali Khalid*

*by Gabriela Ionita and Iulia Matei*

*by Yauheniya Osbon and Manish Kumar*

*by Nikolay L. Lavrik and Tatiana N. Ilyitcheva*

Molecular Target Therapy against Neuroblastoma

*by Saad Hmoud Alotaibi and Awad Abdalla Momen*

Biocatalysis and Strategies for Enzyme Improvement

Erythrocytes of Some Animals by the Method of Absorption

*by Hidemi Toyoda, Dong-Qing Xu, Lei Qi and Masahiro Hirayama*

Anticancer Drugs' Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Interactions

**Preface III**

Catalytic Applications **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 13**

**Chapter 3 27**

**Chapter 4 49**

Therapeutic Applications **61**

**Chapter 5 63**

**Chapter 6 75**

Introductory Chapter: The Diversity of Biophysical Chemistry Techniques

Application of Riboflavin Photochemical Properties in Hydrogel Synthesis

Study of the Influence of Humic Acid Macromolecules on the Structure of
