Meet the editors

Eusebio Cano Carmona obtained a PhD in Sciences from the University of Granada, Spain. He is Professor of Botany at the University of Jaén, Spain. His focus is flora and vegetation and he has conducted research in Spain, Italy, Portugal, Palestine, the Caribbean islands and Mexico. As a result of these investigations, Dr. Carmona and colleagues have directed 12 doctoral theses and more than 200 publications among articles, books and book

chapters. He has participated in national and international congresses with about 250 papers/communications. He has held a number of different academic positions, including Dean of the Faculty of Experimental Sciences at the University of Jaen, Spain and founder and director of the International Seminar on Management and Conservation of Biodiversity, a position he has held for 13 years. He is also a member of the Spanish, Portuguese and Italian societies of Geobotany.

Carmelo Maria Musarella, PhD, is a biologist specializing in plant biology. He has studied and worked at several European universities, including Messina, Catania, Reggio Calabria, Rome (Italy), Valencia, Jaén, Almeria (Spain) and Evora (Portugal). He is currently Adjunct Professor of Plant Biology at the "Mediterranea" University of Reggio Calabria (Italy). His research topics include floristics, vegetation, habitat, biogeography, taxonomy,

ethnobotany, endemisms, alien species and biodiversity conservation. Dr. Musarella has authored many research articles published in indexed journals and books. He serves as guest editor and referee for *Plant Biosystems*. He is a member of the permanent scientific committee of the International Seminar on Biodiversity Conservation and Management guested by several European universities. He has participated in several international and national congresses, seminars and workshops where he has made oral and poster presentations.

Ana Cano Ortiz holds a PhD in Botany from the University of Jaén, Spain. She has worked in private enterprise, in university and in secondary education. She is co-director of four doctoral theses. Her research focus is related to botanical bioindicators. Dr. Ortiz has worked in Spain, Italy, Portugal and Central America. She has published more than 100 works in various national and international journals, as well as books and book chapters.

She has also presented a great number of papers/communications to national and international congresses.

Contents

**Section 1**

Species and Habitats

(Southern Italy)

**Preface III**

Vegetal Biology **1**

**Chapter 1 3** Introductory Chapter: Endemism as a Basic Element for the Conservation of

**Chapter 2 11** *Salvia ceratophylloides* Ard. (Lamiaceae): A Rare Endemic Species of Calabria

**Chapter 3 25**

**Chapter 4 47** The Endemism of the Vascular Flora of Mexico Present in Comarca Lagunera,

**Chapter 5 71**

**Chapter 6 83** Instrumental Methods for Detection of Lipophilic Marine Toxins in Endemic

*Urquieta-Ramírez Luz, Albarrán-Tamayo Froylán, Aguilar-Ruiz Carlos Agustín,* 

*by Eusebio Cano Carmona, Ana Cano Ortiz and Carmelo Maria Musarella*

*by Giovanni Spampinato, Valentina Lucia AstridLaface, Ana Cano Ortiz,* 

Endemic Plant Species of Bolivia and Their Relationships with Vegetation *by Mónica Moraes R., Carla Maldonado and Freddy S. Zenteno-Ruiz*

*Ricardo Quinto Canas and Carmelo Maria Musarella*

an Agricultural Region in the Chihuahuan Desert *by Alberto González-Zamora and Rebeca Pérez-Morales*

*and Cruz-Hernández Andrés*

Species from Pacific Austral Fjords

Mexican Indigenous Species with Agroecological Uses

*by Arellano-Perusquía Abraham, Bañuelos-Hernández Bernardo,* 

*by Carlos García, Javiera Oyaneder-Terrazas and Héctor R. Contreras*

*González-Márquez Marco Antonio, Junquera-Martínez Sergio* 

## Contents



Preface

First of all I want to thank the Editorial IntechOpen for having placed their trust in order to act as Academic Editor of the book Endemic Species. I also want to thank the help given to the co-editors of this book, who have acted generously, using part of their time in this project; and of course my deepest thanks to the group of authors who have participated in this book, without which it would have been

The value of this book is in its content and in the thematic diversity it contains. It is a book that focuses on various topics concerning the concept of endemicity. It presents studies of endemic plant and animal species from different territories of the world, highlighting the specific richness of the study territories and their conservation status. It also opens up to other health-related topics, such as certain endemic diseases. Readers will enjoy reading updated scientific topics related to

This book aims to bring the reader up-to-date topics, mainly about endemic plants and animals of the world, and in particular about those places on the planet that act as hot spots due to their high rate of endemism. Endemism is a phenomenon of stenochoria, therefore it has a distribution area more or less restricted to a given

The first author who used the term endemic in a botanical sense was De Candolle, who applied the term to families and genera that grew up in a single country. Endemic taxa are highly attractive to researchers and scientists, since they are very rare plants or animals that occupy a certain area and are frequently in danger of extinction, a fact that has bothered botanists such as Favarger, who commented, "If an endemic species is destroyed, this represents an irreversible loss, equivalent to genocide." Braun-Blanquet indicates that the study and exact interpretation of the endemism of a territory is the supreme criterion for any consideration regarding the origin and age of the plant population. Endemism is therefore a phenomenon that has always attracted the attention of researchers; for this reason the edition of this

I want to thank IntechOpen for having placed their trust in me and asking me to act as Academic Editor for this volume. I also want to thank my co-editors, who have acted generously and donated their time to this project. And finally, my deepest

**Eusebio Cano Carmona and Ana Cano Ortiz**

"Mediterranea" University of Reggio Calabria,

University of Jaen,

**Carmelo Maria Musarella**

Spain

Italy

thanks go to the group of authors who contributed to this book.

impossible to edit.

territory.

work is justified.

**IV**

botany, zoology and medicine.

Mankon Kingdom of Northwest Cameroon? *by Ngambouk Vitalis Pemunta and Ngwa Donald Anye*
