Contents

### **Preface IX**


Dan Li and Mngereza Mzee Miraj

#### **Section 2 Water Dynamics and Economics 93**

#### Chapter 7 **Economic Instruments to Combat Eutrophication: A Survey 95** Jean-Philippe Terreaux and Jean-Marie Lescot

#### Chapter 8 **Setting Up a Computer Simulation Model in an Arkansas Watershed for the MRBI Program 113** Gurdeep Singh and Mansoor Leh

Preface

nongovernment organizations in Tanzania.

Floods, droughts, and famines brought about by the vagaries of nature cause damage to the livelihoods of people. The need to adopt sustainable practices toward water use, reuse, and management is relevant in the current scenario and the scope of this book deals precisely with sustainable practices in water management. The purpose of this book is to provide the reader with abundant and relevant information on all aspects related to water sustainability: water reuse, dynamics of transboundary waterways, economic tools to analyze sustainability, wa‐ ter-energy-food nexus, computer simulation models to study watershed models, and so forth. The book is divided into two parts. The first part of the book discusses aspects related to the dynamics and sustainability models adopted along water bodies. The chapters by Josh and Will, for example, touch on an important aspect of water scarcity that is affecting major cit‐ ies in the world. The chapters elaborate the need for sustained choices to combat the risk of droughts and floods in cities. Cape Town is the first major city in the world to encounter water shortage after a three-year drought and many other major cities are not far behind. Therefore, the need for sustained choices in water management is all the more critical. The chapter on the Okavango river basin whose waters are shared by Namibia, Botswana, and Angola discusses the challenges of water sharing and transboundary waterways along the river basin. Livelihoods and dynamics along the stretch of the river basin ecosystem are de‐ scribed beautifully in the chapter by Ketlhatlhogile. Gender aspects of the implications of irrigation are discussed in detail in the chapter by Elena. The chapter briefs on the implica‐ tions sustainable irrigation has on women farmers in Uzbekistan. Management of water re‐ sources is far more critical in rural arid and semiarid areas because it can directly impact the livelihood of the rural community. The last chapter in this section by Li and Miraj compares the water resources community self-management mode based on case studies in rural arid areas of China and Tanzania. The authors in this chapter reveal that the self-management mode was primarily driven by village governments in China, while it was largely driven by

The second part of the book focuses more on simulation models and survey studies to deter‐ mine economic instruments to counter nutrient enrichment in water bodies. Nutrient enrich‐ ment or eutrophication of water bodies negatively impacts the aquatic ecosystem by disrupting all levels of the food chain. Eutrophication is an enormous issue that ails most of our water bodies and has a potential to impact goods and services in the long run. Eutrophi‐ cation is caused mainly by surface runoff of fertilizer-laden water from agricultural fields and release of untreated water from industries and housing colonies into the water body. The chapter by Lescot provides an interesting survey insight into the economic aspects of eutrophication in the context of France and Europe in general. The aim of the survey chapter is intended to help in public decision-making in reducing eutrophication. Field studies with
