*Bio-Inspired Technology*

## **Figure 14.**

*(a) Switching process of memristor device; (b) transmission electron microscopy images of dynamic evolution of conductive filaments; (c) horizontal RRAM structure; and (d) vertical RRAM structure.*

### **Figure 15.**

*(a) Typical ANN; (b) 2D structured crossbar array; (c) 3D structured crossbar array; (d) 3D neuromorphic computing architecture by stacking synapses vertically; and (e) deploy monolithic 3D neuromorphic computing on a silicon chip.*
