3.2.2 Refining titanium

built by Northrop in 1943 during the World War period, similar to the Lockheed F-80C in 1950 [12]. With the "traditional" challenges such as reactivity and perceived flammability, magnesium usage was limited. Ever since upliftment of the ban on magnesium by FAA [13], there is an ever-increasing demand for highperformance magnesium alloys for reducing weight in aircraft structures such as interior components, fuselage structures, gearboxes, aero engine frames, helicopter transmissions, covers and components, flight control systems, electronic housings, and aircraft wheels [14]. With advancement in the alloy design and material development, for the abovementioned as well as other applications in both commercial and military aircrafts, advanced higher-performance magnesium alloys and composites that are also ignition-resistant or ignition proof and corrosion-resistant suit the requirement of the aviation industries and can help in achieving sustainability

Magnesium - The Wonder Element for Engineering/Biomedical Applications

In consumer electronic industries, due to the shortcomings of plastics that do not shield the electromagnetic radiations, have poor stiffness, and generate enormous scrap of electronic equipment, there is a need for nontoxic lightweight materials that can match the density of the commonly used plastics and perform better than that of plastics. These attributes are the reason that makes magnesium-based materials very lucrative as magnesium can be remelted, reused, and recycled. Its electromagnetic shielding capacity (65–66 in 0.5–13 GHz frequency range) is the same or even superior to that of aluminum alloys (59–65 in 0.5–13 GHz frequency range) [18–20]. Magnesium is currently one of the most sought-after materials for making the casings, frames, panels, and other parts in the electronic items such as mobile

Mg is the fourth most abundant ion in the human body and assists in several functions like aiding bone health and multiple metabolic processes in the body besides being antibacterial and attracts attention as an excellent biomaterial [22]. Since magnesium is both biocompatible and biodegradable, it is the best fit to be used in the body as a nonpermanent biodegradable implant as it (i) reduces patient trauma; (ii) requires no revision surgery; (iii) reduces doctor's time; and (iv) reduces medical costs [23]. Further, it is also required by the body as it is instrumental for about 300 enzyme systems and assists in energy production and synthesis of nucleic acid in the body [24]. Further, there is good evidence for the use of supplemental Mg in various cardiac arrythmias, preeclampsia/eclampsia, migraine headache, diabetes and related complications, metabolic syndrome, premenstrual syndrome, asthma, and hyperlipidemia [24], indicating the significance of

On par with its direct structural applications, magnesium is used primarily as an

alloying element to Al (about 40% of magnesium produced globally is used for alloying with aluminum). Magnesium is alloyed with aluminum up to 30% catering to suit a range of applications including pyrotechnics [29]. Some applications of Al-Mg alloys are as sheets in automobile applications and shipping industry due to

and protecting the environment [8, 15–17].

phones, laptops, cameras, etc. [21].

magnesium in human bodies and biomedical sectors.

3.2 Nonstructural applications

3.2.1 Alloying element to aluminum

4

3.1.4 Biomedical sector

3.1.3 Electronic sector

Magnesium acts as a reducing agent in the production of titanium, beryllium, zirconium, uranium, and hafnium. It is the second largest use of Mg in a nonstructural market. In applications related to organic chemistry, magnesium is also used in industrial synthesis such as the Grignard reaction. Particularly, Mg is important for production of Ti sponges [31].
