Contents

## **Preface XI**


Chapter 8 **Municipal Solid Waste Management and Energy Recovery 127** José Carlos Escobar Palacio, José Joaquim Conceição Soares Santos, Maria Luiza Grillo Renó, Juarez Corrêa Furtado Júnior, Monica Carvalho, Arnaldo Martín Martínez Reyes and Dimas José Rúa Orozco

Preface

value.

gy, particularly from the applied perspective.

Industrialization has caused a hunger in mankind and the effects have had no equal in past history. The generation and the consumption of energy has become the basis of our global markets and has led to the formation of the largest, most powerful corporations on the planet. Energy storage and power generation are some of the largest influences that have driven both the industrial and agricultural sectors in the developed world to what they are today. In addition, a large majority of the world is powered by finite, unsustainable resources such as fossil fuels. With growing economies and growing populations, renewable energy gener‐ ation, such as solar, wind, and hydro generation is quickly growing as a means of producing electricity. These sources have great significance for consumers as they are environmentally

Renewable energy systems are increasing in popularity nowadays in power generation sys‐ tems because of the advances in the technology and the continuous increase in fuel prices. Due to the high cost of implementing individual renewable energy solutions and their low efficiency, a combination of several systems was introduced, forming a hybrid energy genera‐ tion solution. The system would typically combine two or more natural energy resources to produce a steady energy flow with improved efficiencies. To ensure high quality power sup‐ ply for loads, the grid is monitored constantly in real time. This includes sensing outage, overvoltage and under-voltage. Measurements are taken every cycle and compared to a threshold

Overall, the structure of the electrical power generation system is in the process of changing. For incremental growth, it is moving away from fossil fuel-based operations to renewable energy resources that are more environmentally friendly and sustainable. At the same time, it has to grow to meet the ever-increasing need for more energy. These changes bring very unique opportunities and obstacles at the same time. Over the past few decades, many new and innovative ideas have been explored in the broad area of energy conversion. This book encompasses a collection of selected research works in the areas of electric energy genera‐ tion, renewable energy sources, hybrid system, electromechanical energy conversion, elec‐ tric machines, power electronic converters and inverters, energy storage, and the smart grid. The book intends to provide academic and industry professionals working in the field of energy conversion and related applications with a n update on energy conversion technolo‐

The editor was privileged by the invitation of INTECH to act as editor of this book "Energy Conversion: Current Technologies and Future Trends", which contains high quality re‐

friendly. Also, they can replace the use of oil and coal in providing energy.
