Preface

Robotics research has increased significantly in the past decades and continued to strengthen when the industry revolution 4.0 was recently announced. The robot has changed significantly from a simple machine to become a reliable assistant. It has various shapes to enable it to do a variety of tasks, from a simple form to complicated forms such as humanoid form or animal form. Currently, the researchers are focused on making the robot more intelligent and to behave like a human. The evolution of sensors has made the robot more flexible and advanced. The sensor has evolved enough to cover the five human senses (visual, auditory, touch, taste, and smell).

The goal of this book is to give a clear vision toward the growth of robotics research, especially on the area of humanoid robots and emotional intelligence. *Humanoid* is related to the shape of a robot that resembles a human, not only in appearance but how they move, talk, or respond to the command. The humanoid form is very complicated and involves various sensors and controls such as a gyroscope to manage the walk and constant balancing, sonar sensor to detect and avoid an obstacle, etc. Emotional intelligence is responsible for making the robot smart and it controls their behavior, such as giving the robot the feeling of taste like a human being. Adding emotional intelligence to a humanoid robot will enrich the interaction rates. An individual user, such as a child, needs a robot that can understand their feeling and behave like their friend, so there will be intense interaction between them. Children do not have strong affection when the robot behaves like a machine and acts motionless. Therefore, to allow for robot co-existence with human, a robot must do complicated analysis, such as face scans, gait analysis mimics, and voice or gesture recognition.

This book can be used as a reference for researchers, students, or even practitioners in various fields such as medical, engineering, education, etc. The book consists of eight chapters that are divided into two main sections. The first section focuses on the emotional intelligence application and the second section concentrates on robotics control. The chapters in this book are sorted alphabetically based on the first name of the authors. The chapters should give the reader a general perspective on the direction of robotics research and emotional intelligence. Chapter 1 describes the motion generation during vocalized emotional expression to enrich humanrobot interaction. Chapter 2 reports the general overview related to computer simulation of human-robot collaboration. In Chapter 3, emoji is presented as a proxy for emotional communication, and Chapter 4 focuses on how humans can live and interact with a robot.

As mentioned previously, the second section describes the control of the robotics in general. Chapter 5 presents an electromechanical analysis for giving capacitive touch sensation in a robot. Chapter 6 provides a discussion about physical

interaction and control of the robot. Chapter 7 reports on how a robot can manipulate flexible objects and Chapter 8 presents trajectory tracking based on adaptive PID control.
