**4.3. Monitoring and identification**

On an individual levels, animals can be tagged with RFIDs or similar sensors and can then be monitored using UAVs. With this, farmers can effectively monitor the movements and feeding behavior of a specific animal [38]. This has also been extensively used in monitoring endangered animals, raised in captivity and released into the wild. Similar to the two application areas discussed above, the identification can be carried out using UAVs fitted with normal cameras or IR cameras (which detect heat emissions from the animal) or RFID readers.

A major challenge to the application of RFID is that passive RFID tags have very short range, hence might be difficult to use. Potential solutions might include:


These technologies can be borrowed and used for animal identification and monitoring in Agriculture.

**Figure 7** shows a potential use case of UAVs and RFID tags in animal identification.
