Preface

**Section 3 Tuning Metasurfaces in Different Spectral Ranges 131**

Chapter 8 **Vanadium Oxide as a Key Constituent in Reconfigurable**

Chapter 9 **Design of Graphene-Based Metamaterial Absorber**

**Broadband 133** Weiren Zhu

**VI** Contents

**Metamaterials 151**

**and Antenna 171** Yan Shi and Ying Zhang

Bahlawane

Chapter 7 **Electromagnetic Metamaterial Absorbers: From Narrowband to**

Channam Venkat Sunil Kumar, Francis Maury and Naoufal

Materials have received a great deal of attention since the theoretical prediction of their fas‐ cinating capabilities such as super-radiance and perfect absorbance or the design of invisi‐ bility cloaks. These are possible due to negative diffraction, experimentally achieved with the simultaneous induction of strong electric and magnetic dipolar moments. However, this particular condition supposes important technological constraints related to the availability of materials operating at frequencies of technological interest.

In this context, a new concept of metamaterials has been proposed where the polarizabilities are tailored by means of electromagnetic resonators. As an advantage, those devices can be fabricated on a surface and scaled to operate in different ranges of the spectra, as demon‐ strated with the realization of a wide range of metadevices beating diffraction limit. More‐ over, the planar geometry of those metasurfaces enables compatibility with current semiconductor and graphene technologies.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in metasurfaces focusing on the well-known context of GHz devices. This opens the door to an intriguing scenario for development of further planar optical components, which comes with the latest advances in plasmonic nanoantennas and the onset of all-dielectric resonators. As a corollary, metamate‐ rials applications at the THz level are proposed.

> **Josep Canet-Ferrer** visiting researcher at ICMol - Institute of Molecular Science University of Valencia, Spain

**Section 1**

**Numerical Simulations and Applications at the**

**GHz**

**Numerical Simulations and Applications at the GHz**

**Chapter 1**

Provisional chapter

**Investigation into the Behavior of Metasurface by**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.80584

The existence of metasurface, in the way of propagating wave, affects the wave by blocking some of the incident power. In this chapter, modal analysis is used to analyze a metasurface structure, which is a two-dimensional periodic structure. First, the structure is modeled by an element inside the TEM waveguide. In the following, the reflected and transmitted waves are expanded by different modes, potentially propagated along the TEM waveguide. The key parameters in determining the behavior of structure are specified. The effect of each parameter in behavior of the structure is shown. This technique is used for different metasurfaces, and simulation results are presented in the chapter. This

Investigation into the Behavior of Metasurface by

**Modal Analysis**

Modal Analysis

Mohsen Kalantari

Abstract

1. Introduction

Mohsen Kalantari

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

technique is extended to multilayer metamaterial structures.

Keywords: metamaterial layer, metasurface, periodic structure, modal analysis

lator, THz switches, cloaking, bolometers, and angular-independent surfaces [2].

The appearance of metamaterial sun on the horizon of electromagnetic field results to/into absorbing most researchers to them (directing most researches into them). Although these structures were used a long time ago, it did not take a long time from when the metamaterial was introduced. Ref. [1] reviews a brief history about metamaterial structures over time. The importance of metamaterials is hidden behind (due to) their behaviors. The ability to control the refractive index, in other words constitutive parameters, of metamaterials leads into their interest behaviors [1, 2]. These structures help engineers to design new devices and improve the performance of available systems. Some of them are THz detectors, new substrate, modu-

> © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and eproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80584

#### **Investigation into the Behavior of Metasurface by Modal Analysis** Investigation into the Behavior of Metasurface by Modal Analysis

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.80584

#### Mohsen Kalantari Mohsen Kalantari

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80584

#### Abstract

The existence of metasurface, in the way of propagating wave, affects the wave by blocking some of the incident power. In this chapter, modal analysis is used to analyze a metasurface structure, which is a two-dimensional periodic structure. First, the structure is modeled by an element inside the TEM waveguide. In the following, the reflected and transmitted waves are expanded by different modes, potentially propagated along the TEM waveguide. The key parameters in determining the behavior of structure are specified. The effect of each parameter in behavior of the structure is shown. This technique is used for different metasurfaces, and simulation results are presented in the chapter. This technique is extended to multilayer metamaterial structures.

Keywords: metamaterial layer, metasurface, periodic structure, modal analysis
