**2.3. Physical and chemical characterization of Maghnite**

This clay has been characterized to determine the moisture content, pH, swelling, colloidality, loss on ignition and cation exchange capacity.

## *2.3.1. Humidity rate*

The protocol consists in drying a sample of 20 g of maghnite (W0 ) in the oven at 105°C for 24 h; the weight (W1 ) is the weight of the dry sample. The moisture content (H% weight) is given by the following formula (i) [27].

$$\text{HI}(\%) = \left(\text{W}\_0 - \text{W}\_1\right) / \text{W}\_0 \times 100 \tag{1}$$

*2.3.2. pH measurement*

**3. Preparation of catalyst**

The preparation of the "maghnite-H+

**Figure 1.** Crystallographic structure of maghnite (basic repeating unit is [Si4

**Table 3.** The weight obtained after 24 h of steaming stabilized.

**Table 4.** The pH results obtained at room temperature.

Our method for pH measurement consists of stirring 10 g of maghnite (MMT) with 500 mL of distilled water for 20 min. After 24 h, the pH of the support is measured using a pH meter. The pH results obtained at room temperature show us a great basicity of the samples studied compared with distilled water. This may be due to carbonates, alkaline bicarbonates or silicates which usually go into the composition of the maghnite (MMT) as shown in **Table 4**.

Maghnite (100 μm) 19.56 19.53 19.49 19.51 19.50 19.50 Maghnite (200 μm) 19.82 19.79 19.70 19.72 19.72 19.72

**Sample pH** Distilled water 7.00 Maghnite (100 μm) 9.90 Maghnite (200 μm) 10.23

that described by Belbachir and coworkers [28]. Indeed, the raw-maghnite (20 g) was crushed

0.25 M" was carried out by using a method similar to

O10Al3+(2−x)Mg2+x(OH)<sup>2</sup>

**S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6**

Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Material Consisting on Acrylamide Catalyzed…

]) [25] .

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80033

113

where W0 = weight initial and W1 = weight after drying.

When weight of catalyst is stoped 24 h at (9.50 and 9.72) for maghnite (100 μm) and maghnite (200 μm) respectively, we can calculate the humidity rate according to the formula (1).

Maghnite (100 μm): H (%) = (W<sup>0</sup> − W1 )/W0 × 100 = (20–19.5)/20 × 100 = 2.5%.

Maghnite (200 μm): H (%) = (W<sup>0</sup> − W1 )/W0 × 100 = (20–19.72)/20 × 100 = 1.4%.

The results obtained allow us to draw two conclusions:



**Table 1.** Elementary compositions of protons exchanged samples "maghnite" (compositions wt%).


**Table 2.** Comparison in the composition (in %) of American, French and Algerian MMT [19].

Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Material Consisting on Acrylamide Catalyzed… http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80033 113

**Figure 1.** Crystallographic structure of maghnite (basic repeating unit is [Si4 O10Al3+(2−x)Mg2+x(OH)<sup>2</sup> ]) [25] .


**Table 3.** The weight obtained after 24 h of steaming stabilized.


**Table 4.** The pH results obtained at room temperature.

#### *2.3.2. pH measurement*

surface area of the clay was found to be 84 mEq (100 g−<sup>1</sup>

**2.3. Physical and chemical characterization of Maghnite**

The protocol consists in drying a sample of 20 g of maghnite (W0

where W0 = weight initial and W1 = weight after drying.

The results obtained allow us to draw two conclusions:

• The humidity rate depends on the diameter of the maghnite (MMT).

**O3 Fe2**

**Table 1.** Elementary compositions of protons exchanged samples "maghnite" (compositions wt%).

**Table 2.** Comparison in the composition (in %) of American, French and Algerian MMT [19].

Wyoming (USA) (%) 50.04 20.16 0.68 00 1.46 0.23 Tr 1.27 00 00 Vienne (France) (%) 57.49 20.27 2.92 0.19 0.23 3.13 1.32 0.28 0.12 00 Raw-Mag (Algeria) (%) 69.39 14.67 1.16 00 0.30 1.07 0.5 0.79 0.16 0.91

(Algeria) (%) 71.7 14.03 0.71 00 0.28 0.80 0.21 0.77 0.15 0.34

loss on ignition and cation exchange capacity.

is 1.29 nm [26].

*2.3.1. Humidity rate*

by the following formula (i) [27].

112 Characterizations of Some Composite Materials

Maghnite (100 μm): H (%) = (W<sup>0</sup> − W1

Maghnite (200 μm): H (%) = (W<sup>0</sup> − W1

**Sample SiO2 Al2**

the weight (W1

(**Table 3**).

\*PF: Pert in fire [24].

**Sample SiO2 Al2**

Mag-H+

tively, and its X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the interlayer spacing of MMT-Na<sup>+</sup>

This clay has been characterized to determine the moisture content, pH, swelling, colloidality,

H(%) = (*W*<sup>0</sup> − *W*1)/*W*<sup>0</sup> × 100 (1)

When weight of catalyst is stoped 24 h at (9.50 and 9.72) for maghnite (100 μm) and maghnite

• The second conclusion allows us to say that the maghnite it's no hygroscopic as show in

**O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO Na2**

Raw-Mag 69.39 14.67 1.16 0.30 1.07 0.50 0.79 0.16 0.91 11 Mag-H+ 71.70 14.03 0.71 0.28 0.80 0.21 0.77 0.15 0.34 11

(200 μm) respectively, we can calculate the humidity rate according to the formula (1).

) is the weight of the dry sample. The moisture content (H% weight) is given

)/W0 × 100 = (20–19.5)/20 × 100 = 2.5%.

)/W0 × 100 = (20–19.72)/20 × 100 = 1.4%.

**O3 FeO CaO MgO Na2**

**O K2**

**O K2**

**O TiO2 SO3 PF\***

**O TiO2 SO3**

) of dried clay and 786 m2 g−<sup>1</sup>

) in the oven at 105°C for 24 h;

respec-

Our method for pH measurement consists of stirring 10 g of maghnite (MMT) with 500 mL of distilled water for 20 min. After 24 h, the pH of the support is measured using a pH meter. The pH results obtained at room temperature show us a great basicity of the samples studied compared with distilled water. This may be due to carbonates, alkaline bicarbonates or silicates which usually go into the composition of the maghnite (MMT) as shown in **Table 4**.
