Abstract

The number of required antenna elements is rapidly increasing, in compliance with the development of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and beamforming techniques in 5G technology. Integrated antenna, which is composed of multiple antenna elements, will be considered for next-generation technologies. Therefore, in this chapter, we provide the mathematical and practical explanation of the integrated antenna for the next-generation technologies. First, we introduce a mathematical expression of an antenna element based on spherical vector wave modes and explain channel models for the integrated antenna and the antenna array based on the integrated antenna. Second, we provide practical antennas designed as the integrated antenna and verify that the integrated antenna array can be implemented practically. Lastly, we evaluate the performance of the integrated antenna array compared to mono-polarization and dualpolarization dipole arrays.

Keywords: integrated antenna, integrated antenna array, spherical vector wave, channel model, practical antenna
