**23. Histological features of superficial and deep cervical endometriosis**

Superficial cervical endometriosis is observed in the lamina propria of ectocervix as a solitary or multiple hemorrhagic nodules (endovervix is rarely involved by endometriosis). The predisposing factor is cervical trauma and implantation of endometrioid tissue after surgery. Deep cervical endometriosis is created by the extension of a cul-de-sac lesion and is observed in widespread pelvic endometriosis. Similar mechanisms underlie superficial and deep vaginal endometriosis as well.
