**Abstract**

 Groundwater comprises about 1.7% of the earth's total water and over 30% of the total freshwater supply. Is there enough groundwater to meet human, plant, and aquatic life needs? In many parts of the world, yes; however, with changing demographics and concordant land use and climate change, the distribution and availability of groundwater may not be sustainable. This chapter considers some of the current and past stressors of groundwater by using case examples from around the world. We explore hydrogeologic settings where anthropogenic activity has impaired or has the potential to impair human, plant, and aquatic life. Stressors include well pumping, mining, climate change, chemical use, water law/regulation, and manipulation of surface water. These examples serve to inform those concerned about sustainable management and offer insight into the links between groundwater, climate, and land use.

**Keywords:** aquifer, discharge, groundwater, recharge, landscape, sustainable
