**Acknowledgements**

The author gratefully acknowledges financial support from MEXT via Grantsin-Aid for Scientific Research, No. 21108003 (Coordination Programming) and JP17H05383 (Coordination Asymmetry) as well as from the Institute of Science and Engineering at Chuo University. The author would also like to thank Dr. Katsuaki Kobayashi, Prof. Katsuhiko Kanaizuka, Dr. Hiroaki Ozawa, as well as all of his past students and coauthors in my papers for their great help and their contributions.

#### **Dedication**

This chapter is dedicated to my good friend Prof. Wolfgang Kaim on the occasion of his 70th birthday, and to my late wife, Masako Haga, who has supported my research activities for many years.

### **Author details**

Masa-aki Haga Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan

\*Address all correspondence to: mhaga@kc.chuo-u.ac.jp

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
