Gas Chromatography in Food Authentication DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88512

Purpose of the study Analytical

Gas Chromatography - Derivatization, Sample Preparation, Application

Discrimination of extra virgin olive oils from defected oils HS-SPME/

Discrimination of "Ligurian" from "non-Ligurian" olive

Differentiation of monovarietal olive oils according to

Differentiation of extra virgin and virgin olive oils according to geographical origin (various regions in Spain,

Detection of extra virgin olive oil, virgin olive oil and olive oil adulteration (with various types of edible oils)

Discrimination of various vegetable oils according to botanical origin (sunflower, corn, sesame, soybean, olive, rapeseed, camellia, peanut, canola, palm, rice bran, coconut, grapeseed, hazelnut, walnut, apricot seed, red

Differentiation of almond oils according to almond

Discrimination of various edible oils and fats (pig,

mutton, beef and chicken)

Detection of sesame oil adulteration GC-FID

Authenticity and geographical origin of pumpkin seed oil GC-FID

pepper seed, prikachberry, pumpkin)

Olive oil

olive variety

oils

Italy)

Other edible oils

variety

Fats

Table 1.

and fats.

112

technique

HS-SPME/ GC GC-TOF-MS HT-GC-ITMS HS-SPME/GC-MS GC-TOF-MS

HS-SPME/GC-ITMS

HS-SPME/GC-MS HS-SPME/GC-MS GC-C/P-IRMS

GC GC-MS

LC-GC-ITMS LC-chiral-GC-ITMS GC-MS SPME/ GC GC-MS GC-MS SPME/GC-MS GC-FID GC-MS GC-MS

GC-C-IRMS GC-C-IRMS HT-GC-FID GC-FID GC-FID HT-GC-MS GC-MS GC-MS GC-MS GC-MS

GC-FID GC-MS

GC-C-IRMS

Detection of corn oil adulteration GC-C-IRMS — [45] Detection of flaxseed oil adulteration GC-MS PCA, R-SVM [46]

Authenticity of cocoa butter LC-GC-MS — [51]

Literature examples of authentication and adulteration detection procedures of olive oil and other edible oils

Chemometric technique

PCA

DA — PLS-DA

SLDA — —

— — PCA —

SVM

CDA — PCA

HS-SPME/GC-MS SLDA [44]

— SVM OC-SVM

GC-MS PCA, PLS-DA,

OPLS-DA

PCA, KNN, CNN PCA, PLS SIMCA, PLS, GA-PLS PCA, PLS-DA, OPLS-DA PCA, HCA, RF LDA, GA-SVM

SIMCA, kNN, PLSR — PCA, PLS PCA, TFA, SIMCA, PLS OC-

LDA, ANN-MLP [18]

PCA, PLS-DA [25]

PCA, HCA, PLS-

Ref.

[19] [20] [21] [22]

[23] [21] [24]

[26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34]

[35] [36] [37] [38] [32] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43]

[47] [48] [49]

[40]

PCA, RDA [50]


Table 2.

Literature examples of authentication and adulteration detection procedures of honey and other bee products.
