**Introductory Chapter: Oil Field Chemicals - Ingredients in Petroleum Industry**

Mansoor Zoveidavianpoor

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85957

*Time is the friend of the wonderful business, the enemy of the mediocre - Alice Schroeder* 

#### **1. Introduction**

The real task for the oil industry is how quickly it can move to take advantage of the many opportunities that "gas and renewable" technologies will bring. While oil demand slowly falls with the adoption of more renewables and gas technologies, there is a need for oil companies to have insight into new technology advancement and accordingly innovate to stay competitive and keep the fuel flowing. A great deal of activities in the oil and gas sector is focused on upstream and downstream, and not surprisingly, research and development still plays a key role in the coming years. Oil companies should be prepared to pursue new drilling and extraction technologies and to increase their research into sustainability and clean energy. I think oil sector leaders might consider a question on how their companies can develop new capabilities and in what areas?

Nowadays, improved oil recovery (IOR) is one of the main strategic priority areas in petroleum industry [1]. IOR processes consist of all techniques that are employed to enhance hydrocarbon production. Oil field chemicals have many positive functions such improved oil recovery,- drilling optimization, corrosion protection, prevent mud loss in different geological formations, stabilize drilling fluid in high pressure and high temperature environment, and many- others [2]. Oil field chemicals demand is expected to reach USD 32.69 billion by 2023 from USD- 26.06 billion in 2017 [3]. The rising demand from Asia-Pacific, shale gas, and increasing deep- water drilling operations are likely to be the major driven for the oil field chemicals market.-

Region wise, oil field chemicals have received much attention in recent years (**Figure 1**) due to their contribution in oil recovery of hydrocarbons, which offer important economic benefits. Many case studies and lessons learned from the industry show that there are excellent

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Figure 1.** Oil field chemicals by region.-

**Figure 2.** Oil field chemicals market.-

opportunities to grow for oil field chemicals in certain fields such as drilling and cementing, enhanced oil recovery, production, workover and completion, and well stimulation. Well stimulation comprises of different types of operations performed on a well to maintain and/- or improve its productivity [4].

According to IHS Markit, 2018 [5], oil field chemicals enable the production of oil and gas or make it efficient and is projected to grow at an average annual rate of about 4% during 2017–2022. Logistics (hauling, transfer, and storage) and disposal issues are directly related to the green and continuous development in oil field chemicals. These two are contributed to approximately 85–90% of total annual spending money in petroleum industry.-

The wide range of oil field chemicals, including well stimulation and other additives, plays an important role in maximizing the productivity of existing (green) and mature (brown) fields. Stimulation operations can be conducted solely on the wellbore or on the reservoir; those can be performed on old wells and new wells alike; and it can be designed for remedial purposes or for enhanced production. As shown in **Figure 2**, the market size of the well stimulation in USA alone is about 61% of the total oil field chemicals. Increases in well stimulation activities are expected to continue; accordingly, development and innovation in stimulation chemicals will effectively shape the future of oil industry; that is one of the potentials what the oil and gas leaders may think about!

I am calling oil field chemicals as "every time ingredients" in petroleum industry; they are utilized in many ways and different stages in downstream and upstream sectors, starting from drilling, production, stimulation, and finally abandonment. So, if the oil sector leaders are thinking about innovative solutions in oil field chemicals, TIME is really their friend.-

#### **Author details**

Mansoor-Zoveidavianpoor-

Address all correspondence to: mansoor353@yahoo.com; mansoor.zoveidavian@petronas.com.my-

Executive Production Technology, PETRONAS, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia-

#### **References**


**Chapter 2**

**Provisional chapter**

**Waste Frying Oil as a Feedstock for Biodiesel**

**Waste Frying Oil as a Feedstock for Biodiesel** 

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.79433

This study was initiated to blend the biodiesel produced from waste frying oil (WFO) with petroleum diesel in three different proportions (B20, B50 and B80), and the dual fuels were tested on compression ignition engine to evaluate their emission characteristics. The biodiesel produced from WFO was achieved via heterogeneous catalyzed transesterification using anthill-eggshell-Ni-Co mixed oxide composite catalyst at reaction temperature of 70°C, reaction time of 2 h, catalyst loading of 3 wt% and methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1. Various analyses carried out on the prepared WFO-based biodiesel confirmed that it is of good quality and also meet the ASTM standard. The blended fuel containing 20% by volume biodiesel content (B20) emitted 1050 and 14,000 ppm of CO and CO2, respectively, which were lower than those emitted by B0, B50 and B80. It can be concluded that blending the diesel with appropriate volume of biodiesel not only improves its quality but also

**Keywords:** biodiesel, catalyst, diesel, transesterification, diesel engine, waste frying oil

The basic concept of biodiesel synthesis was invented by Rudolf Diesel in the 1890s, and the diesel engine had become the device of choice for power reliability and high fuel economy globally. He envisaged that pure vegetable oil could be used on compression ignition engine as fuel [1]. After it was used, it became obvious that it was not suitable to power diesel engine due to some limitations associated with its use. Those limitations include carbon deposition in heating chamber, sticking of piston ring, injection tip coking and partial combustion [2–4].

> © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff, Olalekan David Adeniyi,

Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff, Olalekan David Adeniyi, Moses Aderemi Olutoye and Uduak George Akpan

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79433

lowers greenhouse gases emission.

Moses Aderemi Olutoye and Uduak George Akpan

**Production**

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

**Production**
