**Meet the editor**

Dr. Mansoor Zoveidavianpoor has over 18 years of multidisciplinary oil and gas experience, built on his technical, operational, and management roles in the industry and academia. Dr. Zoveidavianpoor holds a PhD degree in Petroleum Engineering from the University of Technology Malaysia (UTM). He was involved in different disciplines such as geology, flow assurance, piping

construction, artificial intelligence, environmental engineering, petroleum engineering, and project management. He has lectured several courses at UTM, the Petroleum University of Technology, and Islamic Azad University. He is a member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers and is registered as a chartered petroleum engineer. He has published more than 50 publications in international peer-reviewed journals and conferences, has contributed to five textbooks, and has served on many worldwide scientific committees. Previously, he was working as a senior lecturer at UTM and as a senior petroleum engineer at the National Iranian Oil Company. Currently, he works as a production technologist at PETRONAS. Dr. Zoveidavianpoor is actively involved in multidisciplinary studies and currently his main area of focus is on unconventional reservoir management.

Contents

**Preface VII**

**Petroleum Industry 1** Mansoor Zoveidavianpoor

**Reforming 25** Cheng Seong Khor

**Evidence 39**

Olutoye and Uduak George Akpan

Chapter 1 **Introductory Chapter: Oil Field Chemicals - Ingredients in**

Chapter 2 **Waste Frying Oil as a Feedstock for Biodiesel Production 5**

Chapter 3 **High-Octane Gasoline Production from Catalytic Naphtha**

Chapter 4 **Implementation of Basic Principles of Econometric Analysis in Petroleum Technology: A Review of the Econometric**

Chapter 5 **Biological Treatment of Petrochemical Wastewater 55**

Nirmal Ghimire and Shuai Wang

Constantinos Tsanaktsidis and Konstantinos Spinthiropoulos

Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff, Olalekan David Adeniyi, Moses Aderemi

## Contents

#### **Preface XI**


Preface

 

 

> 

The book aims to add contributions and new advances in technologies and treatment on petroleum chemicals, in terms of oilfield chemicals, biofuel production, and chemical trans‐

Chemicals have been an essential part of the petroleum industry in the current and past cen‐ turies. An essential for modern industry is to have access to low-cost energy. Worldwide, petroleum consumption will reach 100 million barrels per day, more than twice it was 50 years ago. Nevertheless, petroleum resources are declining, and overwhelming greenhouse gases, by releasing 400 billion tons of carbon, threaten the Earth. The fact is preventing cars and trucks from using petroleum fuels is a difficult task. Accordingly, we need to cure our dependence on petroleum and be able to develop sustainable solutions to fuel our future. The challenges associated with sustainable hydrocarbon production have seen a major growth in the need for biofuel and chemical transformations. A promising solution involves biodiesel from natural oils and fats (mineral oils), which could be used to provide heat and electricity. By blending waste frying oil with petroleum diesel, scientists have devised a new way to convert waste cooking oil into biodiesel that could make it more affordable, as

shown in the chapter "Waste Frying Oil as a Feedstock for Biodiesel Production."

reduced off-specification fuel products.

The global drive for environmental sustainability necessitates continuous adjustment, opti‐ mization, and improvement in petroleum refining processes to generate energy and prod‐ ucts that include automotive fuels such as gasoline. In gasoline engines, knocking results in destructive effects to the engine and drastically increases the pressure inside the engine's cylinders. So, clearly, antiknocking agents are additives that prevent or reduce engines from knocking. Catalytic reforming is an important process in the petroleum refining industry, which developed originally to produce components of automotive fuels, specifically gaso‐ line, which meet engine requirements for high antiknock quality. In fact, refiners need to maximize their asset utilization to maintain competitiveness in the business setting. As shown in the chapter "High-Octane Gasoline Production from Catalytic Naphtha Reform‐ ing," utilizing such an application will contribute toward the production of energy in an environmentally sustainable manner through an optimal process operation approach with

In the next chapter, "Implementation of Basic Principles of Econometric Analysis in Petrole‐ um Technology: A Review of the Econometric Evidence," a question on how the physico‐ chemical parameters of distilling petroleum products can be understood is answered for practitioners. In this review chapter, the quality of the different fuels is expressed by a series of

formation. The book begins with an introduction on oilfield chemicals.

## Preface

 The book aims to add contributions and new advances in technologies and treatment on petroleum chemicals, in terms of oilfield chemicals, biofuel production, and chemical trans‐ formation. The book begins with an introduction on oilfield chemicals.

 Chemicals have been an essential partof the petroleum industry in the current and past cen‐ turies. An essential for modern industry is to have access to low-cost energy. Worldwide, petroleum consumption will reach 100 million barrels per day, more than twice it was 50 years ago. Nevertheless, petroleum resources are declining, and overwhelming greenhouse gases, by releasing 400 billion tons of carbon, threaten the Earth. The fact is preventing cars and trucks from using petroleum fuels is a difficult task. Accordingly, we need to cure our dependence on petroleum and be able to develop sustainable solutions to fuel our future. The challenges associated with sustainable hydrocarbon production have seen a major growth in the need for biofuel and chemical transformations. A promising solution involves biodiesel from natural oils and fats (mineral oils), which could be used to provide heat and electricity. By blending waste frying oil with petroleum diesel, scientists have devised a new way to convert waste cooking oil into biodiesel that could make it more affordable, as shown in the chapter "Waste Frying Oil as a Feedstock for Biodiesel Production."

 The global drive for environmental sustainability necessitates continuous adjustment, opti‐ mization, and improvement in petroleum refining processes to generate energy and prod‐ ucts that include automotive fuels such as gasoline. In gasoline engines, knocking results in destructive effects to the engine and drastically increases the pressure inside the engine's cylinders. So, clearly, antiknocking agents are additives that prevent or reduce engines from knocking. Catalytic reforming is an important process in the petroleum refining industry, which developed originally to produce components of automotive fuels, specifically gaso‐ line, which meet engine requirements for high antiknock quality. In fact, refiners need to maximize their asset utilization to maintain competitiveness in the business setting. As shown in the chapter "High-Octane Gasoline Production from Catalytic Naphtha Reform‐ ing," utilizing such an application will contribute toward the production of energy in an environmentally sustainable manner through an optimal process operation approach with reduced off-specification fuel products.

 In the next chapter, "Implementation of Basic Principles of Econometric Analysis in Petrole‐ um Technology: A Review of the Econometric Evidence," a question on how the physico‐ chemical parameters of distilling petroleum products can be understood is answered for practitioners. In this review chapter, the quality of the different fuels is expressed by a series of

 physical, chemical, and other characteristics. The connection between production process and quality of fuel is crucial in the field of petroleum technology. Results show that the regression analysis perfectly illustrates the relationships between the variables in all applied models.

 Rising global oil consumption in modern society has led to more petroleum waste genera‐ tion. Petroleum waste is full of pollutants and its treatment aims at reducing the contami‐ nants to acceptable levels to make the water safe for discharge back into the environment. Having high concentrations of aliphatic, aromatic petroleum hydrocarbons, oil processing wastewater will affect plants and aquatic life of surface and groundwater sources. Due to its organic origination, complex nature, and toxic effects, wastewater treatment prior to dis‐ charge is obligatory. The biological treatment process is normally applied to reduce the ef‐ fects of petrochemical waste. Powered by two case studies, as shown in the chapter "Biological Treatment of Petrochemical Wastewater," the commonly applied pretreatment methods for petrochemical wastewater are summarized and compared withbiological treat‐ ment performance of different systems.

#### **Mansoor Zoveidavianpoor, PhD**

MEI Chartered Petroleum Engineer Executive Production Technology Petronas Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
