**Infections in ICU**

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12 Current Topics in Intensive Care Medicine

**Chapter 2**

**Provisional chapter**

**Infections and Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens in ICU**

**Infections and Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens in ICU** 

This chapter aims to highlight the main types of infections in the ICU, in order to improve diagnostic and therapeutic management. Risk factors for patients hospitalised in the ICU will be raised: the increasing use of invasive devices and procedures, aggressive antimicrobial therapies, surgical interventions, immunosuppressive treatments or comorbidities responsible for immune deficiencies. Starting from the rising mortality risk among patients with hospital-acquired infections (HAI), in the case of failure to control the pathogen in the first 24–48 h, we will tackle about the prevention, reduction and control of the emergence of resistant pathogens. The rational administration of antibiotics will also be addressed, with the aim of reducing adverse reactions, including secondary infections, decreasing the mortality rate, length of hospital stay and costs of health care.

**Keywords:** ventilator-associated pneumonia, intra-vascular catheter-related bacteraemia, sever sepsis, septic shock, antimicrobial treatment, multidrug resistance

Modern medicine is a tributary to a continuously increasing degree of diagnostic and therapeutic invasiveness. In particular, intensive care units (ICUs) are confronted with increasing number of patients with marked co-morbidities, severe acute pathology or immune suppression, and intrinsic infectious risk factors. Additionally, given the pathogenicity changes of potentially hospital-acquired pathogens, most healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are

> © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.79229

**Patients**

**Patients**

Muntean Delia and Licker Monica

Muntean Delia and Licker Monica

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79229

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO).

#### **Infections and Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens in ICU Patients Infections and Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens in ICU Patients**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.79229

Muntean Delia and Licker Monica Muntean Delia and Licker Monica

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79229

#### **Abstract**

This chapter aims to highlight the main types of infections in the ICU, in order to improve diagnostic and therapeutic management. Risk factors for patients hospitalised in the ICU will be raised: the increasing use of invasive devices and procedures, aggressive antimicrobial therapies, surgical interventions, immunosuppressive treatments or comorbidities responsible for immune deficiencies. Starting from the rising mortality risk among patients with hospital-acquired infections (HAI), in the case of failure to control the pathogen in the first 24–48 h, we will tackle about the prevention, reduction and control of the emergence of resistant pathogens. The rational administration of antibiotics will also be addressed, with the aim of reducing adverse reactions, including secondary infections, decreasing the mortality rate, length of hospital stay and costs of health care.

**Keywords:** ventilator-associated pneumonia, intra-vascular catheter-related bacteraemia, sever sepsis, septic shock, antimicrobial treatment, multidrug resistance
