**4. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy**

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be defined as abnormal LV thickening without chamber dilation that is usually asymmetrical, develops in the absence of an identifiable cause (e.g. aortic valvular stenosis[AS] and hypertension), and is associated with myocardial fibre disarray.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is very common and can affect people of any age group. It affects both sexes equally. It is a cause of sudden cardiac arrest and death in apparently healthy young people, including young athletes. HCM is a relatively common inherited disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with variable expression and has a prevalence of 1 in 500.

Defects of at least 11 genes and >1440 mutations sites demonstrate its genomic heterogeneity.
