**3. Objects of experimental studies**

temperature sensor 12; a lubrication system radiator 13; gas analysis equipment 14 (in the form of appropriate sensors); a tank for expanding the heat carrier 15; EG temperature sensor 16. The circulation of the coolant and motor oil in the combined heating system is provided by modulating pumps 22 and 23. The coolant and motor oil regulation is provided by electro-

Pre-start and after-start heating of the coolant and motor oil is possible with standard heating of the engine and (or) in the following modes of the combined heating system operation. The examples are: when operating only the rapid heating of the engine subsystem in the process of after-start heating of the engine, when operating the rapid heating of the engine subsystem with the utilization of thermal energy of exhaust gases by phase-transitional TA, the combined functions of contact thermal accumulator (thermal accumulator for storing motor oil and (or) thermal accumulator for storing a coolant) or joint operation of contact thermal accumulator + thermal accumulator for storing motor oil + thermal accumulator for storing a coolant and the utilization of thermal energy of exhaust gases by phase-transitional TA. Storing thermal energy, accumulated by the coolant and motor oil, is possible with standard ICE assembly and (or) in the following modes of the combined heating system operation. The examples are: when operating the rapid heating of the engine subsystem with the utilization of thermal energy of exhaust gases by phase-transitional TA, when operating only contact thermal accumulator or thermal accumulator for storing motor oil (thermal accumulator for storing a coolant), the combined functions of contact thermal accumulator (thermal accumulator for storing motor oil and (or) thermal accumulator for storing a coolant) or joint operation of contact thermal accumulator + thermal accumulator for storing motor oil + thermal accumulator for storing a coolant and the

If it is necessary to start the engine after a long stop, the combined heating system is involved. It works according to its own algorithms and includes electric modulating pumps 21, 22, 23 of the rapid heating of the engine subsystem. They circulate the coolant and motor oil in the vehicular engine and phase-transitional TA for the utilization of thermal energy of exhaust gases. Passing through TA, the coolant gets thermal energy accumulated by HAM and transfers it by the coolant to the engine cooling system and by motor oil to the lubrication system and to the engine design elements. The right choice of TA 20 thermal capacity allows you to quickly heat the ICE from low ambient temperature (−20°C) to the coolant and motor oil temperatures at +40–60°C. The choice of TA thermal capacity by HAM weight is based on a calculation of the heat balance of the engine with the combined heating system and the vehicle. It helps determine the amount of thermal energy required for heating the coolant and motor oil, cylinder block, cylinder head, connecting branch pipes and manifolds considering

After receiving thermal energy from the coolant and motor oil, the engine elements transfer it to the combustion chamber. It positively affects the process of ICE start which occurs after the combined heating system sensors record the coolant and motor oil temperatures at +40– 60°C. After that the ICE starts running and it is possible to load the engine. After starting the ICE, the combined heating system continues its work and facilitates more rapid and efficient

utilization of thermal energy of exhaust gases by phase-transitional TA.

magnetic hydraulic valves 26 and 27.

106 HVAC System

heat loss [1, 5, 10, 11].

The research on using the CHS in vehicles was based both on experiments and numerical modeling.

The results of experimental studies conducted by the authors under the ITS information conditions are detailed in [1, 5, 10, 11–13] (**Figure 2**). The authors developed a mathematical model [1, 5, 10, 11–13] for the estimation studies (**Figure 3**). It is based on a systems approach used in the processes of the vehicular thermal development when using phase-transitional thermal accumulators [1, 4–19].

**4. The study results of the influence of the combined heating system** 

The general process of pre-start and after-start heating (PSASH) during engine and vehicle operation can be split into the following components: pre-start and after-start processes of thermal development and industrial (commercial) process of the ICE and vehicle operation. The engine pre-start heating without actual start and the operation of the engine in an idling mode can be only realized using the developed heating system. It is a set of subsystems, elements and means of thermal development and maintenance of the thermal state of the engine and the vehicle using the combined heating system based on phase-transitional thermal accumulators. During after-start thermal development of the engine and the vehicle, it is possible to heat them either without using the combined heating system (engine and vehicle standard systems) or using the CHS. During industrial (commercial) process of engine and vehicle operation, the heating system is used only when it is not possible to maintain the thermal state of the engine and the vehicle in a corresponding range under operating conditions. After-start heating of the engine and the vehicle can be carried out in various modes of vehicle operation (both steady and transitional modes of the engine operation when the vehicle is stopped and when in motion). These modes are: (1) heating in an idling mode; (2) heating in an idling mode with electrical consumers switched on; (3) heating in an idling mode with gradual heating in motion; (4) heating in motion. The study of the vehicle heating according

Improving the Vehicular Engine Pre-Start and After-Start Heating by Using the Combined…

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79467

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The article presents the study results of thermal development of the truck engine 8FS 9.2/8 in operation. The investigation was conducted in the mathematical model of the "combined heating system of the engine and the vehicle" for option 1 - Heating in an idling mode. In evaluating different options of the CSPSH operation the following considerations were taken into account. The combined heating system is a combination of five independent subsystems: the utilization of thermal energy of EG (with TA), rapid heating of the engine, contact thermal accumulator, thermal accumulator for storing motor oil and thermal accumulator for storing a coolant [1, 16–19]. The first two subsystems, working together, provide the work of TA with accelerated circulation of the coolant, motor oil and standard systems of the truck engine 8FS 9.2/8 during pre-start and after-start heating of the truck. Contact thermal accumulator provides long-term storage of accumulated heat in the coolant and motor oil in the cylinder block using an insulated membrane. Thermal accumulator for storing motor oil and thermal accumulator for storing a coolant provide long-term storage of accumulated heat by motor oil and the coolant in separate insulated tanks with TA. The results of pre-start and after-start heating of the engine were assessed and compared in the study depending on the combined

Based on the developed algorithms for pre-start and after-start heating of the engine coolant and motor oil, 19 combinations of options were suggested to analyze the sets of components of the developed combined heating system (**Table 1**) [1, 2, 5, 12, 15–19]. Thus, for all options during pre-start and after-start heating of the engine with CSPSH mode parameters of its work were estimated. They are as follows: heating the coolant and motor oil from *Т*amb to

**different options on engine thermal development indicators**

to the above-mentioned modes is detailed in [1, 16–19].

heating system different options or their combination.

**Figure 2.** The truck during pre-start and after-start heating of the ICE and the vehicle interior.

**Figure 3.** The flowchart of "combined heating system of the engine and the vehicle."
