*7.1.8. Scenario creation*

*7.1.6. Proximity to roads*

buildings materials, d) Distance from roads.

80 Fuzzy Logic Based in Optimization Methods and Control Systems and Its Applications

Proximity to roads considers the construction costs for building new road infrastructure between the settlements and potential landfill. A j-shaped decreasing fuzzy membership

**Figure 3.** Examples of spatial evaluation maps of factors a) Land use, b) Olfactory and sonorous impacts, c) proximity to

function was used for standardization controlled by two points (c = 200 m, d = 3000).

WLC is displayed to compute the possible landfill areas for both of the environmental and socio-economic set of criteria, using the assigning weight to each of the criteria. Intermediate fitness maps were created for the environmental and socio-economic group of criteria, respectively. Final aggregation of the two intermediate suitability maps was implemented for three scenarios to demonstrate the importance of the weights associated with the environmental and


λ max=2, CI = 0.00, CR = 0.00 (consistency is acceptable).

**Table 5.** Pair-wise comparison matrix for assessing the weights of environmental factors.


**Table 6.** Pair-wise comparison matrix for assessing the weights of socio-economic factors.

the socio-economic objectives. The WLC was used to create three final landfill suitability maps using different weights applied to the objectives. The scenario (a) allots a weight of 0.75 to the environmental and 0.25 to the socio-economic objective; for scenario (b) both objectives have the same weights and for scenario (c) weights of 0.25 and 0.75 are used for the environmental and the socio-economic objectives, respectively. It should be mentioned that we select the sustainable development scenario which assigned the equal weight to the environmental and socio-economical factors (0.5 for each factor). The final suitability map for the mentioned scenario is shown in **Figure 4**. Using an equal interval classification method, landfill suitability values of the Ariana region were classified into five groups: high suitability (8–10), suitable (8–6), moderate suitability (6–4) and low suitability (4–2) and very low suitable (2–0). This method divides the range of attribute values into equal-sized sub-ranges. This creates an easy to understand legend and works best with continuously distributed data. Then, we grouped similar and adjoining pixels to keep sites having an area of greater than 28 ha, roughly 28 cells (100 × 100). The results indicate that 2.5%, of the study area has very low suitability, 3.9% has low suitability, 12.5% has moderate suitability, 0.5% has suitable and 5.4% has high suitability for a landfill site. The other 75.20% of the study area is not suitable for a landfill site. The results of the AHP and weighted linear combination methods are compatible with our field observations.

An Integrated Multicriteria and Fuzzy Logic Approach for Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Siting

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75161

83

Two candidate sites (C1 and C2) were recommended for landfill siting because these regions were determined to be high suitability regions by the AHP and GIS techniques (**Figure 4**). These two candidate sites are away from the Sebkhat Ariana. C1 is located north of the Sebkhat Ariana around Raoued district. The wastes of Kalaat El Andalous and the surrounding vicinity can be collected at this site. The other candidate site (C2) is situated western of the Sebkhat Ariana, near the Sidi Thabet district, where it can collect waste from areas such as Ennahli and the villages

Although it is very difficult and expensive to include geological, hydrological and hydrogeological, social, environmental and economical parameters, studies for selecting the sites for solid waste disposal should be performed for every city in Tunisia. To determine an appropriate landfill site, GIS is a very powerful tool that can provide a rapid assessment of the study area. The selection of suitable landfill sites is very decisive for Tunisia. Ariana region was selected as the study area because it is the fast growing and urban in greater Tunis. Initially, landfill site selection criteria were determined depending on the applicable international literature. Thirteen criteria were evaluated in the present study. The areas that were inappropriate for MSW landfill site were at first determined and covered. Thus, these areas were not considered. Each criterion was evaluated and converted into arithmetical values by AHP. The criteria maps were mapped by GIS using the calculated numerical values. Using the same interval classification method, the study area was classified into four groups of high, moderate, low and very low suitability, which covered 3.24, 7.55, 12.70 and 2.81% of the study area, respectively. The results of the analysis were compared with field studies, and two candidate landfill sites (C1 and C2) were selected from the high suitability regions. These sites are also close to highly populated settlements. Finally, it is recommended that the methodology adopted in this research to be developed through integrating the indigenous data which might lead to

between them.

**8. Conclusions**

better site selection.

**Author details**

Abdelwaheb Aydi

Tunisia

Address all correspondence to: abdelwaheb\_2000@yahoo.fr

Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, Carthage University, Bizerte,

**Figure 4.** Landfill suitability map.

understand legend and works best with continuously distributed data. Then, we grouped similar and adjoining pixels to keep sites having an area of greater than 28 ha, roughly 28 cells (100 × 100). The results indicate that 2.5%, of the study area has very low suitability, 3.9% has low suitability, 12.5% has moderate suitability, 0.5% has suitable and 5.4% has high suitability for a landfill site. The other 75.20% of the study area is not suitable for a landfill site. The results of the AHP and weighted linear combination methods are compatible with our field observations.

Two candidate sites (C1 and C2) were recommended for landfill siting because these regions were determined to be high suitability regions by the AHP and GIS techniques (**Figure 4**). These two candidate sites are away from the Sebkhat Ariana. C1 is located north of the Sebkhat Ariana around Raoued district. The wastes of Kalaat El Andalous and the surrounding vicinity can be collected at this site. The other candidate site (C2) is situated western of the Sebkhat Ariana, near the Sidi Thabet district, where it can collect waste from areas such as Ennahli and the villages between them.
