**Acknowledgements**

This work is supported by the US Department of Energy (USDOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC26-06NT43029 with the University of Alabama at Birmingham. The work is also supported by Denbury Resources, Southern Company, the Geological Survey of Alabama, the University of Alabama, the Alabama A and M University, and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. The first author is also supported by the Doctoral Foundation of Henan Polytechnic University (B2015–78).

and deep saline aquifers. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. 2003;**53**

[6] Holloway S. Underground sequestration of carbon dioxide—A viable greenhouse gas

[7] Plasynski SI, Litynski JT, McIlvried HG, Srivastava RD. Progress and new developments in carbon capture and storage. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 2009;**28**(3):123-138

[9] Blunt M, Fayers FJ, Orr FM. Carbon dioxide in enhanced oil recovery. Energy Conversion

oil recovery in a mature oil field. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 2009;**65**

Benchmarking worldwide projects. Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 2011;**89**

tion and ground deformations at in Salah, Algeria. International Journal of Greenhouse

[15] Onuma T, Okada K, Otsubo A. Time series analysis of surface deformation related

[16] Chadwick RA, Arts R, Bentham M, Eiken O, Holloway S, Kirby GA, Pearce JM, Williamson JP, Zweigel P. Review of monitoring issues and technologies associated with the long-term underground storage of carbon dioxide. Geological Society, London,

[18] Arts R, Eiken O, Chadwick A, Zweigel P, Van Der Meer L, Zinszner B. Monitoring of

[19] Giese R, Henninges J, Lüth S, Morozova D, Schmidt-Hattenberger C, Würdemann H,

geophysics, geochemistry and microbiology. Energy Procedia. 2009;**1**(1):2251-2259

injected at Sleipner using time lapse seismic data. Energy. 2004;**29**(9-10):1383-1392

injection by satellite-borne SAR interferometry at in Salah, Algeria. Energy

[11] Koottungal L. Special report: 2010 worldwide EOR survey. Oil and Gas Journal.

[13] Rutqvist J, Vasco DW, Myer L. Coupled reservoir-geomechanical analysis of CO<sup>2</sup>

ment. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 2008;**34**(2):254-273

[8] Lake LW. Enhanced Oil Recovery. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1989

mitigation option. Energy. 2005;**30**(11-12):2318-2333

and Management. 1993;**34**(9-11):1197-1204

[10] Gaspar Ravagnani ATFS, Ligero EL, Suslick SB. CO<sup>2</sup>

[12] Hosa A, Esentia M, Stewart J, Haszeldine S. Injection of CO<sup>2</sup>

storage in geological media: Role, means, status and barriers to deploy-

Geophysical Monitoring of CO2 Injection at Citronelle Field, Alabama

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.78386

143

sequestration through enhanced

storage JIP: Hydromechanical simu-

SINK site: A concept integrating

injection at in salah. Energy Procedia. 2011;**4**:3269-3275

storage during EOR at the Weyburn-Midale Field. The Leading

into saline formations:

injec-

(6):645-715

[5] Bachu S. CO<sup>2</sup>

(3-4):129-138

(9):1855-1864

with CO<sup>2</sup>

CO2

2010;**108**(14):41-53

Gas Control. 2010;**4**(2):225-230

Procedia. 2011;**4**:3428-3434

[17] White D. Monitoring CO<sup>2</sup>

Edge. 2009;**28**(7):838-842

lations of surface uplift due to CO<sup>2</sup>

[14] Morris JP, Hao Y, Foxall W, McNab W. In Salah CO<sup>2</sup>

Special Publications. 2009;**313**(1):257-275

Zimmer M, Cosma C, Juhlin C. Monitoring at the CO<sup>2</sup>

The authors would also like to acknowledge the technical supports and advices from Dr. Peter M. Walsh from the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Dr. Richard A. Esposito of Southern Company, Dr. Jack C. Pashin of the Geological Survey of Alabama and Mr. Gary N. Dittmar of Denbury Resources. The Technical assistance from Dr. Satish Pullammanappallil from Optim, Inc. is also greatly appreciated.

The views, opinions, findings, and conclusions reflected in this publication are the responsibility of the authors only and do not represent the official policy or position of the USDOE, NETL, or any State or other entity.
