**6. Summary**

We have briefly reviewed the recent research progress on chemically exfoliated graphene nanosheets via graphite oxide exfoliation and chemical reduction. Efficient graphite oxide exfoliation methods were developed by using homogenizers for shearing in solution and unusual horn sonication for stable acoustic cavitation. These methods show promise for fabricate improved GO nanosheets for high performance RGO nanosheets for conductor or electrochemical electrode applications. Highly oxidized GO nanosheets were utilized for p-type doping of CNTs and graphene films as well as for surface energy modifications. The modulation of the surface energy of GO can also allow us to deposit hydrophobic materials on hydrophilic surfaces. Strategies for the stable dispersion of RGO nanosheets in solution included sol–gel chemistry, cation-π interaction, supramolecular chemistry, and so on. Both GO and RGO nanosheets can be used as mid-IR detector, field emitters, 0r as electrodes in energy storage devices. Although some fascinating results have been achieved in previous publications, studying the fundamental and practical properties of GO or RGO should continue because their properties are critically dependent on the oxidation process of graphite, exfoliation method, reduction, and so on. Future applications of chemically exfoliated graphene in soft electronics, nanostructure control and hybridization with other materials are yet a challenge for high performance in real-life applications.
