**4. Conclusion and outlook**

Graphene oxide is one of many unique carbon materials, which displayed potential applications in the development of next-generation biosensors owing to its various physical and chemical properties. The functionalization of GO leads to the adsorption of various biomacromolecules, including enzymes such as glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, laccase, and nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA for biosensing applications. The major prospect to be addressed in the future is the increasing demand for the engineering of biosensors based on GO that allow monitoring and detecting analytes with high selectivity and sensitivity at low cost. GO-based biosensors should also be fabricated as point-of-care devices for better in situ clinical diagnosis or as an in-situ sensing platform for environmental analysis.

HRP horseradish peroxidase

NGO nano graphene oxide

RNA ribonucleic acid

**Author details**

Guangzhou, China

**78**:927-938

**References**

Lingwen Zeng1,2\*, Shilin Cao<sup>1</sup>

S/N signal-to-noise ratio

\*Address all correspondence to: zeng6@yahoo.com

RGO reduced graphene oxide

MWNTs multiwall carbon nanotubes

ABEI N-aminobutyl-N-ethylisoluminol

SPCE screen printed carbon electrode

, Hang Yin<sup>3</sup>

atomically thin carbon films. Science. 2004;**306**:666-669

Society Reviews. 2010;**39**:228-240

Bioprocessing. 2017;**4**:56

based biosensors. Biosensors & Bioelectronics. 2011;**26**:4637-4648

1 School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China

, Jun Xiong3

2 Institute of Environment and Safety, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China

[1] Geim AK, Novoselov KS. The rise of graphene. Nature Materials. 2007;**6**:183-191

[2] Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV, Jiang D, Zhang Y, et al. Electric field effect in

[3] Kuila T, Bose S, Khanra P, Mishra AK, Kim NH, et al. Recent advances in graphene-

[4] Dreyer DR, Park S, Bielawski CW, Ruoff RS. The chemistry of graphene oxide. Chemical

[5] Wong CM, Wong KH, Chen XD. Glucose oxidase: Natural occurrence, function, properties and industrial applications. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2008;

composite: Preparation, characterization, and enzyme immobilization. Bioresources and

[6] Cao S-L, Xu H, Lai L-H, Gu W-M, Xu P, et al. Magnetic ZIF-8/cellulose/Fe<sup>3</sup>

3 School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology,

and Donghai Lin2

Graphene Oxide-Based Biosensors

69

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.78222

O4 nano-

Lac laccase
