Preface

Chapter 7 **BaTiO3-Based Lead-Free Electroceramics with Their**

Chapter 8 **Preparation and Device Applications of Ferroelectric**

**Application 113**

**VI** Contents

**β-PVDF Films 133**

James and Rahul C. Kambale

**Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties Tuned by Ca2+, Sn4+**

Bharat G. Baraskar, Pravin S. Kadhane, Tulshidas C. Darvade, Ajit R.

Liuxia Ruan, Donghai Zhang, Junwei Tong, Jianli Kang, Yufang

Chang, Lianqun Zhou, Gaowu Qin and Xianmin Zhang

**and Zr4+ Substitution Useful for Electrostrictive Device**

Ferroelectricity is a symptom of inevitable electrical polarization changes in materials with‐ out external electric field interference. Ferroelectricity is a phenomenon exhibited by crystals with a spontaneous polarization and hysteresis effects associated with dielectric changes when an electric field is given.

This book is a compilation of articles provided by kind contributors:


We have been researching ferroelectric materials since 2001, but there is still a blue ocean of ferroelectric applications yet to be elaborated. It is and hopefully always will be a bright future.

We would like to thank IntechOpen and all the contributors. Their support has made this book possible. We also would like to thank all researchers and the institute that has support‐ ed our research since 2001.

> **Dr. Husein Irzaman, M.Sci.** Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

> Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Department of Community Nutrition and Physics

Faculty of Human Ecology and Mathematics and Sciences

**Renan Prasta Jenie, S.T.P., M.T.**

**Ferroelectricity**

**Section 1**

**Section 1**
