*3.7.3. Detection of proteins*

There are two different standard methods used (see results in **Table 11**):


**3.9. Qualitative screening of glycosides**

**Figure 9.** Terpenoids in sea buckthorn and gooseberry.

(1 ml 5% FeCl<sup>3</sup>

Glycosides (cardiac)—FeCl<sup>3</sup>

test

Glycosides (anthraquinonic)—Borntrager

SO4

acid, a drop of FeCl<sup>3</sup>

react upon boiling with 2 ml H2

trated H<sup>2</sup>

There are three different standard phytochemical methods:

**Phytochemical test Sea buckthorn Gooseberry**

Terpenoids Colorless Brown interface

Steroids Colorless layer, brown ring, colorless upper layer

**Table 12.** Qualitative screening of steroids and terpenoids.

purple ring appears below (see results in **Table 13**).

SO4

**Phytochemical test Sea buckthorn Gooseberry**

Glycosides (cardiac)—Keller-Killiani test Brown ring at the interface Brown ring at the interface

white upper layer

**Table 13.** Qualitative screening of glycosides Keller-Killiani test is positive for both aqueous extracts.

**a.** *FeCl*<sup>3</sup> *reagent*: the test is for cardiac glycosides: 1 ml aqueous extract, 1 ml FeCl<sup>3</sup>

**b.** *Keller-Killiani test*: the test is for cardiac glycosides: 5 ml aqueous extract, 2 ml glacial acetic

**c.** *Borntrager test*: this test reveals the presence of anthraquinonic glycosides: 2 ml aqueous extract

are added and shaken vigorously, and two layers can be clearly observed. The organic layer is separated, and ammonia is added to form a pinkish-red color as a sign of positive reaction.

reagent Orange-yellow solution Red-brown solution

Colorless lower layer, opalescent

gives a greenish-blue color that appears in time.

solution, and 1 ml concentrated H2

solution mixed with 99 ml glacial acetic acid) and few drops of concen-

SO4

. The solution is filtered, and equal volumes of chloroform

upper layer

reagent

form a brown ring and often a

Colorless lower layer, light-yellow

Pale-yellow layer, thick brown ring, pale-yellow

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.77365

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Qualitative Analysis of Phytochemicals from Sea Buckthorn and Gooseberry

upper layer
