**4. Conclusion**

four sugars compounds while genotypes USA-1, Indo-1, and Indo-11 had three sugars compounds each. Benzofurans are considered to possess anti-oxidant, antimicrobial effect and anti-inflammatory [40]. The compounds detected in this study have reported to have potentials as therapeutic agents, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory compounds and demonstrating that different compounds can exhibit similar activity and this might be due to presence of similar functional groups (**Table S2**). Antioxidant properties of soybean extract could be the basis for the presence of various antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds.

The first three principal components explained 78.64% of total variations among genotypes (**Table 4** and **Figure 3**). The first component described 59.65% of total variation, and positively correlated with phytochemical classes of ether, alcohol, sugar moiety ketone and phenolic compounds. Genotypes Ijen, Clark, A-1, USA-1, Indo-II, 3803, X 30, Giza 35, Indo-black and Indo-I showed the most variability according to these components and can be selected for these classes. PC2 illustrated 10.63% of the total variance, and the amide, sugar moiety, ether, alkane, ketone and carboxylic acid positively correlated with this component. The genotypes showed most variability were Giza 111, Giza 35, X 30, X 32, Indo-II and 3803. Alkane, Aldehyde, Carboxylic acid and Phenolic compound were positively correlated with the third component. The genotypes Giza 35, X 32 showed most variability based on this component. In this study, genotypes Giza 35, X 30, Indo-II and genotype 3803 showed positive loading in at least two out of the three PCs, which can be utilized in breeding for ceratin class of phytochemical. Utilizing PCA effectively reduces the number of variables needed to classify cultivars

Eigen values 0.17 0.03 0.02 Percent of variance 59.65 10.63 8.36 Cumulative percentage 59.65 70.28 78.64 Alcohol 0.42 0.11 −0.12 Aldehyde −0.14 0.00 0.24 Alkane −0.01 0.29 0.75 Amide −0.59 0.67 −0.28 Sugar moiety 0.39 0.44 −0.06 Carboxylic acid 0.03 0.06 0.31 Ester 0.12 −0.25 −0.26 Ether 0.45 0.34 0.02 Heterocyclic compound 0.05 0.14 −0.16 Ketone 0.27 0.21 −0.18 Phenolic compound 0.11 −0.09 0.24

**Table 4.** Eigen values and proportion of the variance explained for the three principal components of the 24 soybean

**PC 1 PC 2 PC 3**

**3.4. Principal component analysis (PCA)**

148 Phytochemicals - Source of Antioxidants and Role in Disease Prevention

genotypes based on phytochemical components.

The results revealed that soybean genotypes cover variable patterns of total proteins flavonoids, phenolic and various bioactive volatile compounds. The mass spectrometry analysis results demonstrated that, majority of soybean genotypes are a source bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial and other functions. 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-, 3,5-dimethoxyacetophenone, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 1,2-cyclopentanedione, and 3,5-dihy droxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one were present in majority of genotypes. However, the genotypes Ijen and Indo-1 contributed more phenolic compound than others genotype. Genotype A-1 has the maximum compound in esters compounds. The genotypes Indo-11 and 3803 contribute maximum ketone compounds while Giza 111 contributes more in heterocyclic compounds. Some genotypes may have good therapeutic potential and could be served as a potential source in drug wdevelopment as a health supplement. This study also provides a platform for isolating and understanding the properties of each compound for it pharmacological properties.

