**4. Findings**

The main research question that was explored is whether or not there are significant differences between the primary and high schools with regard to workplace deviance.


ees in the primary and high schools with regard to organizational deviance measure; there-

Means and standard deviation values didn't perform organizational deviance; it can be seen that the mean scores are 3.17 for primary schools and 3.09 for high schools, and they were

**Table 5** presents the descriptive statistics and the results of the t-test for interpersonal devi-

The t-test value for the variable "made fun of someone at work" was (2.18), p = 0.11 > 0.01; therefore, there are no significant differences between the managerial employees in the pri-

Means and standard deviation values of the variable perform interpersonal deviance behaviors; it can be seen that the mean scores are 3.87 for high schools and 3.51 for primary schools for "made fun of someone at work" variable, and they were above the midpoint of 3.5 on the

The t-test value for the variables "said something hurtful to someone at work," "made an ethnic, religious, or racial remark at work," "cursed at someone at work," "acted rudely toward someone at work," and "publicly embarrassed someone at work" ranges in-between 3.42 and 3.31, and P ranges in-between 0.21 and 1.42 > 0.01; therefore, there are no significant differences between the managerial employees in the primary and high schools about the men-

Means and standard deviation values of the variable didn't perform interpersonal deviance behaviors for "made an ethnic, religious, or racial remark at work" variable; it can be seen that the mean scores are in-between 3.26 and 3.37 for primary and high schools, and they were

> **Primary schools**

Made fun of someone at work 3.87 3.51 1.26 1.21 2.18 0.11

Cursed at someone at work 3.22 3.19 2.01 1.32 1.82 1.82

**Mean Standard deviation t-Test**

**High schools**

3.31 3.42 1.08 1.04 1.42 0.21

3.26 3.37 0.98 0.92 2.31 1.15

3.18 3.75 1.77 0.98 1.67 0.00

3.14 2.64 1.32 0.87 1.69 0.96

2.35 3.04 1.07 0.90 1.64 0.32

**Primary schools**

**t-Value p-Value**

Workplace Deviance Behaviors

33

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75941

fore, we reject hypotheses 2 (H2).

ance variables.

rating scale.

tioned variables.

under the midpoint of 3.5 on the rating scale.

under the midpoint of 3.5 on the rating scale.

**schools**

**Table 5.** The descriptive statistics and the t-test for interpersonal deviance variables.

**Measurable variables High** 

Said something hurtful to someone

Made an ethnic, religious, or racial

Played a mean prank on someone at

Acted rudely toward someone at

Publicly embarrassed someone at

at work

work

work

work

remark at work

mary and high schools with regard to the mentioned variable.

**Table 3.** Workplace deviance means, standard deviations, chi-square, and t-test.

The initial step in the data analysis was to compute descriptive statistics for the workplace deviance and its variables related to interpersonal and organizational deviance used in research.

As shown in **Table 3**, means and standard deviations depict that workplace deviance has mean values more than 3.5, which is the median value of the scale. We can find that on the base of the respondents' opinion the workplace deviance is over than the midpoint of scale. p-Value of the t-test and Chi-square more than 0.01 that refers to *nonstatistical differences* was noted between the primary and high schools with regard to workplace deviance.

Means and standard deviation values didn't perform workplace deviance; it can be seen that the mean scores are 3.34 for primary schools and 3.28 for high schools, and they were under the midpoint of 3.5 on the rating scale.

The second step in the data analysis was to compute descriptive statistics for the interpersonal and organizational deviance used in research.
