**Dr. Shah Fahad, Dr. Abdul Basir and Mr. Muhammad Adnan** Agriculture Department The University of Swabi Swabi Kyhber Paktunkhwa, Pakistan

**Chapter 1**

**Provisional chapter**

**Effect of Phosphorus on Root Signaling of Wheat**

**Effect of Phosphorus on Root Signaling of Wheat** 

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.75806

Phosphorus (P) is one of the most vital nutrient needed for crop production. Phosphorus plays an important role in root growth and builds resistance against abiotic stresses. In the current study two wheat cultivars (phosphorus responsive) were planted to study the treatment effects in polythene bags. The treatments were 5 different levels of P (P<sup>0</sup> = 0.2 g/bag, P60 = 0.4 g/bag, P80 = 0.53 g/bag, P<sup>100</sup> = 0.66 g/bag and P120 = 0.8 g/bag) and three water regimes. The data regarding root length, shoot length, root-shoot ratio and yield parameters were collected and analyzed. Among both the genotypes, NARC-2009 performed well compared to Sehar-06. The highest dry matter and yield were obtained under P100 compared to other treatments. With the increased phosphorus root and shoot length increased linearly up-to P100 while afterward it starts decreasing. The results lead to conclusion that optimum dose of phosphorus could be used to increase root growth and establishment under water stress. **Keywords:** phosphorus, abiotic stresses, dry matter, root growth and root establishment

Root signaling is the response of the plant roots on different stimuli like soil structure, soil nutrients, different chemicals and stress conditions. Root apical meristems are the major sites for different types of activities in response to changes related to roots. Root growth defines the extent to which plant explores soil for water and mineral nutrients. Root systems of individual crop plants may encounter large variations in mechanical impedance to root penetration [1]. Root architecture is a highly plastic and environmentally responsive trait that enables

> © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**under Different Water Regimes**

**under Different Water Regimes**

Mukhtar Ahmed, Sehrish Khan, Muhammad Irfan,

Mukhtar Ahmed, Sehrish Khan, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Aqeel Aslam, Ghulam Shabbir and

Muhammad Aqeel Aslam, Ghulam Shabbir and

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75806

Shakeel Ahmad

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

Shakeel Ahmad

#### **Effect of Phosphorus on Root Signaling of Wheat under Different Water Regimes Effect of Phosphorus on Root Signaling of Wheat under Different Water Regimes**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.75806

Mukhtar Ahmed, Sehrish Khan, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Aqeel Aslam, Ghulam Shabbir and Shakeel Ahmad Mukhtar Ahmed, Sehrish Khan, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Aqeel Aslam, Ghulam Shabbir and Shakeel Ahmad

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75806

#### **Abstract**

Phosphorus (P) is one of the most vital nutrient needed for crop production. Phosphorus plays an important role in root growth and builds resistance against abiotic stresses. In the current study two wheat cultivars (phosphorus responsive) were planted to study the treatment effects in polythene bags. The treatments were 5 different levels of P (P<sup>0</sup> = 0.2 g/bag, P60 = 0.4 g/bag, P80 = 0.53 g/bag, P100 = 0.66 g/bag and P120 = 0.8 g/bag) and three water regimes. The data regarding root length, shoot length, root-shoot ratio and yield parameters were collected and analyzed. Among both the genotypes, NARC-2009 performed well compared to Sehar-06. The highest dry matter and yield were obtained under P100 compared to other treatments. With the increased phosphorus root and shoot length increased linearly up-to P100 while afterward it starts decreasing. The results lead to conclusion that optimum dose of phosphorus could be used to increase root growth and establishment under water stress.

**Keywords:** phosphorus, abiotic stresses, dry matter, root growth and root establishment
