**3.3. Ergonomic risk factors**

Work-related factors that cause musculoskeletal disorders and accelerate discomfort are called ergonomic risk factors. These factors directly or indirectly affect the occurrence of discomfort. Ergonomic risk factors are examined under three main headings [41]. These are:

**1.** Physical factors

difficulty [14]. In addition, to find the appropriate time to take a break without interruption and to change among employees in monotonous work are the steps that can be taken in order to streamline the workflow [14]. Some employees may need physical help despite all the arrangements [14]. Office design should be done in such a way that employees can help each other

Different studies done by Belgen et al. [50] and Çalık et al. [51] reported that the majority of people with disabilities work with high-risk posture and this creates risk of musculoskeletal problems [50, 51]. An employer who will hire a person with physical disabilities should follow a conscious attitude to what positions he or she will be employed and the places in which the person concerned will be interested. It is aimed to create the work to be done with the ergonomic arrangement to ensure the employee's harmony with the work environment [42, 44, 45, 50, 51]. This is only possible when anthropometric point of view, physiological point of view, psychological point of view, information point of view, and safety point of view are all considered [42, 44, 45]. Only when all these conditions are met, the person can perform all the necessary activities appropriately [42]. Conditions that are often neglected for people with disabilities are anthropometric, physiological, and psychological conditions [45].

Accessibility means that a person with a disability can move around as he or she wants without any intermediary. Accessibility is the most important point that should be given importance in workplaces where people with disabilities are. Accessibility of the workplace is the independent completion of all phases between the door of the house and the start of work at the workplace. The barrier most frequently shown as an obstacle to work is a workstation that is inaccessible [7, 14]. The accessibility feature should also be considered parallel to the vertical area, also called the comfort zone. This area is the vertical field from the lowest level that a person can reach to the highest level that one can reach while standing. The limits set for the Turks in this regard are the upper reach limit of 115.6 mm (the small woman with the wheelchair) and the lowest reach limit of 665 mm (the long male using the seat handle) [44]. This area marks the location of many control buttons, such as power switches, door handles, sockets, and so on, which must be present at the workplace. Changes in this area in the business environment also pre-

Optimum placement will not make anyone happy because the various places in the workplace can be used by people with many different characteristics. As a result, both horizontal and level of adjustability are always the best solutions. The height of the seat to be seated, the height of the counter, the height of the sinks, and the height of the cabinets to which the items of interest are to be placed must always be adjustable [14, 44, 52]. Özyörük and Kütük [52] reported that redesigning of working environment to increase work efficiency made positive

Work-related factors that cause musculoskeletal disorders and accelerate discomfort are called ergonomic risk factors. These factors directly or indirectly affect the occurrence of discomfort. Ergonomic risk factors are examined under three main headings [41]. These are:

when needed or a place where an assistant can work if required [14].

80 Occupational Therapy - Therapeutic and Creative Use of Activity

**3.2. Accessibility at work for people with disabilities**

vent the disabled employee from being dependent to others [43, 45].

changes and achievements were gained.

**3.3. Ergonomic risk factors**

