**2.1. Jails**

or developmental conditions that focus on health and well-being by using meaningful and purposeful occupations for individuals for the development, improvement or maintenance of

Forensic occupational therapy refers the occupational therapy service that assesses and makes interventions to the individuals with occupational problems in the criminal justice system [2]. The forensic settings can be variable and be challenging, but the main point here to pay attention is the holistic and humanistic view of occupational therapy which says that occupation is vital for human and is essential for health and well-being. From this view, forensic occupational therapy is the same as the mental health occupational therapy practice in some ways [3]. The main difference is the legal context and the restrictive correctional environment. The legal context is usually built upon deprivation of some occupations, and this alienates the individual

to the occupation. Also, labeling and stigma affect reintegration to the community [4].

In terms of the individual, occupational therapy is an important necessity for occupational participation and occupational balance. With these, occupational therapy prepares the person for community life and protects the individual from recidivism [5]. This is not the sole benefit of occupational therapy. Also, there are benefits for the community; reducing crime provides social wellbeing and also increases social welfare by contributing to the individual's productivity activities, so that, forensic occupational therapy has dual aim both for the individual and the community.

The forensic population is growing all over the world and brings challenges with this growing population [5–8]. These challenges can depend on the person, environment and/or activity. The thing that should never be ignored is the legal context, and the therapists must consider

Offenders' rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary teamwork, and occupational therapy is a key part of the treatment and rehabilitation. The methods are similar to other mental health settings. The key focuses for the occupational therapists working in forensic settings are assessment, prevention of occupational deprivation, development of occupations to prevent recidivism, preparation for discharge and activities of daily living (ADLs), preparation to

This chapter describes the occupational therapy in forensic settings such as prisons, secure hospitals and community reintegration services. The chapter also discusses the assessments, models that can be used in forensic settings, interventions and challenges in forensic settings.

Correctional administration is the reinstatement and retraining of a person's antisocial behavior and feelings through confinement for treatment purposes. Correctional settings regulate the individual's psychosocial status and provide health care service for the prisoners [10].

Correctional settings are a way to facilitate the mental health recovery of the inmates. Since, many of the inmates have serious mental disorders, the forensic unit, of the correctional

the essential skills needed to be successful in their environment [1].

52 Occupational Therapy - Therapeutic and Creative Use of Activity

the needs of individuals in the legal context [9].

community and the vocational rehabilitation.

**2. Forensic settings**

Jails serve as an introduction to the incarceration system. They are local correctional facilities operated by a city or country instead of the federal or state government. The main purpose of jails and prisoner distribution centers is to confine a person before and after court judgments and to filter prisoners to and from courts and other correctional facilities. Some people in jails have been sentenced, while others might be waiting to be convicted. Many individuals receive an imprisonment of less than 2 years [3].

Judgment is mostly a complex process of sentencing. In this respect, inmates in forensic settings might either be arraigned or experiencing the trial process.
