**Author details**

**7.** Relatedness: Group interventions in which the family members and friends are engaged are suitable for relatedness [35]. The aim of the interventions must be establishing and maintaining relationships with others, resisting inappropriate social pressure, working in cooperation, preventing and resolving interpersonal conflict, asking for help when neces-

**8.** Community: Deficits in social skills are often seen in forensic groups. Social skills training is the main intervention method for being active in a group [36]. For being in a group, it is also important to make responsible decision to identify and evaluate the problems correctly, making decisions based on ethical and social norms, to evaluate decisions in context, contribute to the welfare of society, accurately identify and evaluate problems, make decisions based on ethical and social norms, consider context in decisions, contribute to well-being of community [29]. Social skills training consists of learning activities that use behavioral techniques that enable individuals to acquire independent life skills for better functioning in their communities. Direct teaching, modeling, role playing, behavior

**9.** Spirituality: The spirituality is the 'meaning and purpose in life, the life force or integrating aspect of the person and transcendence or connectedness unrelated to belief in a higher being' in occupational therapy perspective [37] . The meaning of spirituality is different for everyone, can be participating a religion, visiting religious places (such as churches, mosques, synagogues etc.) regularly and can be different for some praying alone, yoga, meditation, being in the nature, walking and so on. There can be challenges about talking about the beliefs and spirituality with the client and that much of spiritual experience can be culturally influenced [37]. Motivation techniques can be used to find meaning and purpose in life. **10.** Pleasure: Pleasure is one of the subjective experiences of the human need-based experiences to engage in occupations [38]. It influences productivity, restoration and being active to engage occupations [39]. Motivational and increasing self-esteem and confidence

**11.** Creativity: It is stated that 'creativity is part of everyday practice; the use of creativity as a conscious approach; creativity involves risk-taking; creativity needs a supportive environment; and creativity is the use of expressive arts in therapy' [40]. Especially creative arts increase the capacities of offenders, help to explore their own resources, assist them to locate hope and motivation, recognize their interconnectedness with others without

The main challenge is the context because of the complexity of the rules affecting the freedom of the offender and the occupational opportunities [7]. The heterogeneous client population is another challenging condition with in the context. Restricted daily living activities cause the loss of control and autonomy. Time use is another challenging factor, the lack of structured time use

rehearsal, and social reinforcement can be used during the interventions.

interventions can be used to improve pleasure.

**6. Challenges in forensic occupational therapy**

external pressure to comply [41].

sary [29].

66 Occupational Therapy - Therapeutic and Creative Use of Activity

Esma Ozkan<sup>1</sup> , Sümeyye Belhan<sup>1</sup> , Mahmut Yaran<sup>2</sup> \* and Meral Zarif<sup>3</sup>

\*Address all correspondence to: mahmut.yaran@omu.edu.tr

1 Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sağlık Bilimleri University, Istanbul, Turkey

2 Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Havza Vocational School, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey

3 Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
