**3. Conclusion**

one who merits specific acknowledgment is Edoardo Bassini (1844–1924) who was an Italian specialist who proposed the idea of restoring the distorted anatomy of the inguinal region to achieve an optimal cure of hernia. His ultimate doctrine was that only complete restoration of the anatomy and reinforcement of the stretched out tissues could produce complete cure. Each and every subsequent strategy for inguinal hernia surgery until introduction of fabri-

It was not until 1984 when Irvin Lichtenstein proposed the idea of a tension-free repair by applying a mesh to strengthen the weak spot without rendering any tension on the tissues. This led to a significant change in the overall outlook of hernia patients especially with reference to the recurrence of hernia. Subsequently, a large number of different prosthetic materials and changes in the technique were introduced until the advent of laparoscopic repair of hernias.

Laparoscopic surgery has brought a phenomenal change in the surgical practice all over the world. Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair has been presented after the achievement of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on the preface that there would be less postoperative pain and agony, the repair of recurrent hernias would be less demanding, and the bilateral hernias could be dealt simultaneously with enhanced cosmetic results. It has not taken a long time to become the most popular mode of surgical treatment for all types of hernia, especially the groin and ventral abdominal hernias. It is completely different from conventional surgery in which the surgeon enjoys wide exposure, tissue contact, binocular vision, and the use of traditional equipment [1]. A tremendous effort has been made to spread and popularize this new technique especially in the developing countries [2]. However, there is still a major gap in the implementation of modern surgical methods in underdeveloped countries due to various reasons including financial constraints, lack of equipment, and lack of proper training of surgeons. Despite gaining a worldwide popularity, the open surgery is still practiced in the world and more so in the developing countries due to financial constraints [3]. Although the impact of laparoscopic surgery is the same in developing world, the acceptance of laparo-

Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is a current global change in the treatment of this basic surgical issue. Various reports assert its predominance over open repair of hernia in terms of lesser postoperative pain, early return to normal life and a substantial decrease in recurrence rate [4–6]. There are basically two laparoscopic approaches in inguinal hernia surgery which

**A. The totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair**, albeit actually troublesome, is a type of laparoscopic hernia repair which is picking up popularity and acknowledgment all around the world. It has a unique feature that it does not puncture the peritoneum. In spite of known confinements and dangers, the TEP is getting an overall acceptance and ubiquity as an everincreasing number of specialists are adopting this technique. It is, however, necessary to have an adequate experience and be clear about the groin anatomy before one should attempt this

cated materials was in actuality varieties of Bassini's doctrine.

scopic surgery is not as much as in the developed world.

are in common practice globally.

technique.

**2. Laparoscopic hernia repair**

4 Hernia Surgery and Recent Developments

The hernia surgery is in a continuous state of amendment and improvement. So far, there has been a lot of change from the conventional open repair to the present laparoscopic approach. There is a lot to do to make this laparoscopic approach to be taken up by surgeons in the developing world by way of training options and making it economically acceptable to the poor community where the disease is much more common as compared to the affluent society.
