**2. World epidemiological evidences of association between dyslipidemia and CVD**

CVD is widespread among general population. Reports received from late 1990s indicate that the ultimate cause of death in adults is CVD (Murray & Lopez, 1997). It has been predicted that CVD will become the ultimate cause of disability in the world between years 2000-2025 (Murray & Lopez, 1997). Common lifestyle determinants such as western diet, physical inactivity, tobacco consumption and also increase in life expectancy are linked to elevation of CVD prevalence (Critchley et al., 1999).

According to data published from the autopsy studies in 1960s, the origin of early lesions of atherosclerosis in adults is mostly caused by consumption of Western diet. The prevalence

those aged 60 years, the risk of CHD decreased by 27 percent, which manifested a calculated relative risk of 0.73. With three times reduction in serum cholesterol (1.80 mmol/l or 70mg/dl), the relative risk of CHD was 0.39 (0.73)3 and risk reduction reached to 61 percent. The expected benefits of total cholesterol and LDL reduction seem to be in both primary and secondary prevention of CHD. Protective effects of HDL against initial coronary events in secondary prevention (Barter et al., 2007; Rosenson, 2007) was even observed in levels of higher than 75 mg/dl with long lifetime protection (Longevity Syndrome) and emancipation of the relative risk of coronary disease. Based on these observations, current attempt for stroke prevention is mostly focused on intensive treatment with lipid-lowering

In spite of a decline in cardiac events and coronary mortality rates, many people who are under appropriate treatment are still exposed to these events. In a population-based study regarding hypercholesterolemia awareness (Nieto et al., 1995), only 42% of population were informed of their hypercholesterolemia and only 4% were under lipid-lowering drug treatment. Need assessment to better understand the role of lipids and its subgroups including; VLDL, Small dense LDL, lipoprotein (a), and subgroups of HDL in pathogenesis of CVD calls for a general awareness regarding these topics. In this context, the major challenges would be: 1 – to identify those who need treatment (with or without past history of coronary artery disease), 2 – to develop more effective treatment strategies for patients with coronary artery disease (whether individuals were treated with lipid-lowering drugs or people who have not received adequate treatment), 3 – to adequately treat other high risk

Main objective of this chapter is to express the relationship between lipid disorders and CVD according to the top epidemiological studies in the world. Other minor objectives include; evaluation of role of dyslipidaemia in the incidence of CVD, and also assessment of



**2. World epidemiological evidences of association between dyslipidemia and** 

CVD is widespread among general population. Reports received from late 1990s indicate that the ultimate cause of death in adults is CVD (Murray & Lopez, 1997). It has been predicted that CVD will become the ultimate cause of disability in the world between years 2000-2025 (Murray & Lopez, 1997). Common lifestyle determinants such as western diet, physical inactivity, tobacco consumption and also increase in life expectancy are linked to

According to data published from the autopsy studies in 1960s, the origin of early lesions of atherosclerosis in adults is mostly caused by consumption of Western diet. The prevalence

individuals such as diabetic, hypertensive, and old subjects.

the role of different types of lipoproteins in this area.

elevation of CVD prevalence (Critchley et al., 1999).

drugs (Gorelick et al., 1997).

**1.1 Objective** 

CVD

**CVD** 

**1.2 Expected outcomes** 

and severity of fibroid plaques and calcified lesions as signs of CVD were significantly lower in Asia, underdeveloped countries and consumers of Mediterranean diet (Eggen et al., 1964).
