**Meet the editor**

Anna Rudawska, PhD, DSc, Eng, Assoc Prof, is the head of the Technological Processes and Systems Design Chair, and since September 1, 2012, she has been the vice dean of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Lublin University of Technology, Poland. She has authored or coauthored 200 scientific publications and several patents in the adhesive field. She is a member of many

international and national organizations and a reviewer and a member of editorial boards of international journals. Her research focuses on the issues of analysis of the influence of technological and structural factors on the adhesive joint strength of polymers and metals, design of bonding technology, adhesive properties research, as well as issues related to receiving the appropriate adhesive properties to increase the strength of the adhesive joint.

Contents

**Preface VII**

Jingsi Wang

**Modeling 65**

**Abrasive Methods 1**

**Inside AWJ Nozzle 3** Xinping Long and Qi Liu

**Section 1 Characteristics and Application of Abrasive Technology and**

Chapter 1 **Numerical Analysis of the Liquid-Gas-Solid Three Phase Flow**

Chapter 3 **Advanced Abrasive Waterjet for Multimode Machining 39**

Chapter 5 **HyDRa: Vortex Polishing with a Deterministic Hydrodynamic**

**Section 2 Characteristics of Abrasive Tools, Materials and Machines 105**

H.-T. (Peter) Liu, Vanessa Cutler, Chidambaram Raghavan, Peter

Erika Sohn, Esteban Luna, Elfego Ruiz, Luis Salas and Joel Herrera

Artur Jamrozik, Łukasz Klapiszewski, Beata Strzemiecka, Adam

Chapter 2 **Ultrasonic Machining: A Total Mechanical Machining Technology Using Loose Abrasive Particles 19**

Miles, Ernst Schubert and Nathan Webers

Pavel Kovač and Marin Gostimirović

**Radial Polishing Tool 83**

Chapter 6 **Additives for Abrasive Materials 107**

Voelkel and Teofil Jesionowski

Chapter 4 **Grinding Force of Cylindrical and Creep-Feed Grinding**

## Contents

**Preface XI**


Preface

*als, and Machines.*

chining, and laser micro-machining technologies.

and their characteristics, and the type of machining materials.

The aim of this book is to present information on the characteristics and applications of abra‐ sive technology, abrasive tools, and tests, as well as the innovative methods of this technolo‐ gy. This book presents information regarding the abrasive technology methods, the characteristics of the methods (for example, the technological parameters, tools, and ma‐ chines), innovative methods, characteristics of surface structure and surface properties after this type of mechanical process, the tests of various issues of abrasive technology, and also the application in various industrial branches and other technical and technological domains. Abrasive technology is becoming increasingly important in precision manufacturing. It cov‐ ers the mechanics and mechanisms of abrasive processes, characteristics of abrasive tools, their structure, materials, and wear, as well as the grinding, finishing, sanding, deburring, hybrid super-finishing, and the abrasive-jet and flow machining processes, among others. Moreover, this book includes the issues on high-speed machining, eco-machining, nano-ma‐

There are a lot of factors, which influence the abrasive process—abrasive tools, technological parameters of the abrasive process, the type of machining methods, the type of machines

One of the important factors, which has a significant influence on the abrasive process and the surface roughness, is the type, structure, and properties of the abrasive material. Abra‐ sives generally rely on a difference in hardness between the abrasive and the material being worked upon, the abrasive being the harder of the two substances. The shape, size, and na‐ ture of the workpiece and the desired finish will influence the choice of the abrasive used. For example, a much harder abrasive will cut faster and deeper. The adhesion between grains, between grains and backing, between grains and matrix determines how quickly grains are lost from the abrasive and how soon fresh grains, if present, are exposed. More‐ over, there are lots of abrasive materials. In the past, abrasive grains were derived from nat‐ ural minerals, such as emery, quartz sand, and so on. Today, the industry is almost entirely

dependent upon synthetic grains, which are far more consistent and cost-effective.

branches of industry, as well as in dentistry and medical applications.

The book was divided into two parts: the first part: *Characteristics and Applications of Abrasive Technology and Abrasive Methods* and the second part: *Characteristics of Abrasive Tools, Materi‐*

The aim of such a presentation was to present the usage of characteristics and application of the abrasive methods (also innovative methods and tests) as well as the abrasive tools in very different aspects. These issues are very important in precision manufacturing in many

Chapter 10 **Abrasive for Chemical Mechanical Polishing 183** Hong Jin Kim

## Preface

Chapter 7 **Tuning the Morphology and Surface Property of Mineral**

Chapter 8 **Recycling and Recharging of Supreme Garnet in Abrasive**

Chapter 9 **Nanostructural Deformation in Brittle-Ductile Compounds and Its Application in Fabricating Ductile Nanoparticles 161**

**Particles by Grinding Media 127** Zhiyong Gao and Chengwei Li

**Waterjet Machining 147** Vu Ngoc Pi and Tran Quoc Hung

Babak Alinejad and Yazdan Zare

Hong Jin Kim

**VI** Contents

Chapter 10 **Abrasive for Chemical Mechanical Polishing 183**

The aim of this book is to present information on the characteristics and applications of abra‐ sive technology, abrasive tools, and tests, as well as the innovative methods of this technolo‐ gy. This book presents information regarding the abrasive technology methods, the characteristics of the methods (for example, the technological parameters, tools, and ma‐ chines), innovative methods, characteristics of surface structure and surface properties after this type of mechanical process, the tests of various issues of abrasive technology, and also the application in various industrial branches and other technical and technological domains.

Abrasive technology is becoming increasingly important in precision manufacturing. It cov‐ ers the mechanics and mechanisms of abrasive processes, characteristics of abrasive tools, their structure, materials, and wear, as well as the grinding, finishing, sanding, deburring, hybrid super-finishing, and the abrasive-jet and flow machining processes, among others. Moreover, this book includes the issues on high-speed machining, eco-machining, nano-ma‐ chining, and laser micro-machining technologies.

There are a lot of factors, which influence the abrasive process—abrasive tools, technological parameters of the abrasive process, the type of machining methods, the type of machines and their characteristics, and the type of machining materials.

One of the important factors, which has a significant influence on the abrasive process and the surface roughness, is the type, structure, and properties of the abrasive material. Abra‐ sives generally rely on a difference in hardness between the abrasive and the material being worked upon, the abrasive being the harder of the two substances. The shape, size, and na‐ ture of the workpiece and the desired finish will influence the choice of the abrasive used. For example, a much harder abrasive will cut faster and deeper. The adhesion between grains, between grains and backing, between grains and matrix determines how quickly grains are lost from the abrasive and how soon fresh grains, if present, are exposed. More‐ over, there are lots of abrasive materials. In the past, abrasive grains were derived from nat‐ ural minerals, such as emery, quartz sand, and so on. Today, the industry is almost entirely dependent upon synthetic grains, which are far more consistent and cost-effective.

The book was divided into two parts: the first part: *Characteristics and Applications of Abrasive Technology and Abrasive Methods* and the second part: *Characteristics of Abrasive Tools, Materi‐ als, and Machines.*

The aim of such a presentation was to present the usage of characteristics and application of the abrasive methods (also innovative methods and tests) as well as the abrasive tools in very different aspects. These issues are very important in precision manufacturing in many branches of industry, as well as in dentistry and medical applications.

This information enables scientists, engineers, and designers to ensure the soundness and integrity of the fabricated components and to develop new techniques effectively. I would like to express my gratitude to all the contributors for high-quality manuscripts. I hope that the open-access format of this book will help researchers and engineers.

**Anna Rudawska**

**Section 1**

**Characteristics and Application of Abrasive**

**Technology and Abrasive Methods**

Lublin University of Technology Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Department of Production Engineering Poland
