**1.1. History of dusty plasma**

Current research on the dusty (complex) plasma becomes an interesting field in sciences and technologies. The term "plasma" was first used by the Langmuir in 1924. The most thrilling events in the field of dusty plasmas were occurred in 1980 for planet Saturn mission. Mendis in 1997 observed the bright comet in distant ancestor, which was the excellent cosmic laboratory for the investigation of dusty plasma and their dynamical and physical consequences. The other appearances of dusty plasmas were zodiacal light, the origin nebula, the noctilucent clouds, etc. At the laboratory level, dusty plasma is available in terrestrial laboratory at the remote past. Lyman Spitzer along with Hannes Alfven was recognized that dust in the universe was not merely a hindrance to a visual opinion but it was an essential component of the universe. A dust particle image taken a shape of spokes that rotating around Saturn ring and last surveys designated that these spokes were fine dust material. In 2005, Cassini spacecraft was made a new and improved observation of spokes with a feature that would provide an improved considerate of their source. In 1992, the European spacecraft Ulysses flew by the planet Jupiter and detected the dust particles and measured their masses and impact speed. Again in 1995, NASA spacecraft, Galileo perceived the origin of dust streams around Jupiter. The current enormous interest in complex plasmas started in the mid of 1980s, and started by laboratory investigation of dynamical structure factor of dusty plasmas. Current situation (2000–2017) of dusty plasma is stable in laboratory conditions and it is very significant in industries, science, and technology, medical science, and energy sectors, etc. Different characteristics of dust particles are investigating via theoretical, computer simulation and experimental techniques [1, 2].

### **1.2. Characteristics and types of dusty plasma**

Dusty plasma is the plasma that contains an addition of dust charged particles along with electrons, ions, and neutral particles. The dynamical properties of plasma become more complex when we insert dust particle, so it is also known as complex plasma [3]. Dust particles are much larger in charge as compared to electrons, ions, and neutral particles and its size vary from hundreds of millimeter to 10 of nanometers and having a mass approximately 3 × 10−11 kg. The dynamic behaviors are easily observed experimentally by CCD camera. Dusty plasmas exist in space as well as in the laboratory and these dust particles are negatively charged but sometimes positive charge as well. It is charged through photoionization, electron bombardment, etc. the amount of charge on dust particles depends upon shape and size of dust particles. It has mostly spherical shape but sometimes also having rod type shape and irregular [4]. Dusty plasmas are classified on the basis of density, temperature, potential and thermal energies. The Coulomb coupling parameter describes the classification of complex dusty plasmas. The Coulomb coupling that is defined as "the ratio of average potential energy to the average thermal energy" and mathematically it can be expressed as: Γ <sup>=</sup> \_\_\_\_ <sup>P</sup>.<sup>E</sup> <sup>K</sup>.<sup>E</sup> <sup>=</sup> *<sup>Q</sup>*<sup>2</sup> \_\_\_\_ 4 <sup>0</sup> \_\_\_1 *k* B *T* [5], where *k*B is the Boltzmann constant, *T* is system temperature and *ε*<sup>0</sup> is permittivity of free space.
