**1. Introduction**

Dynamical structure factor *S*(*k,*ω) is very actively investigated through theoretical, experimental and computer simulation for simple liquids as well as complex systems (dusty plasmas). The

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

*S*(*k,ω*) of the dusty plasmas is very significant to understand the dynamic behavior of dust particles in the complex plasmas. The subject of dusty plasma containing micron-size charged condensed particles has recently been actively investigated in the fields of science and technology. In addition, the investigation of dynamical behaviors is also studied in the areas of physics and chemistry of plasmas, ionized gases, and the space environment, environmental sciences, semiconductor plasma processing industries, nuclear energy generation and materials research. Dust in the atmosphere and in the entire universe exists in different shapes and sizes. Mostly dust particles are observed in solid form and sometimes also in liquid and gaseous forms. Current correlations and wave spectra's in the dusty plasma are generated due to dynamic motion of charged dust particles. The dust particles increase remarkable and unique fundamental physical property of ionized gases and dense plasma. Further dust particle increases future application of dusty plasma in industrial fields including nuclear fusion energy, material modification, and synthesis, environmental remediation, nano, aerospace and medical technologies.

in space as well as in the laboratory and these dust particles are negatively charged but sometimes positive charge as well. It is charged through photoionization, electron bombardment, etc. the amount of charge on dust particles depends upon shape and size of dust particles. It has mostly spherical shape but sometimes also having rod type shape and irregular [4]. Dusty plasmas are classified on the basis of density, temperature, potential and thermal energies. The Coulomb coupling parameter describes the classification of complex dusty plasmas. The Coulomb coupling that is defined as "the ratio of average potential energy to the average

When dust charged particles have average thermal energy due to neighboring particles much larger than the average potential energy, then that plasma is known as weakly coupled complex dusty plasma (WCDPs). The WCCDPs have a high temperature but low density and value of Coulomb coupling parameter less than 1 (mathematically Γ < 1). In case of WCCDPs, any structural form does not exist. The background of WCCDPs is considered as ionized gases.

The SCCDPs is speedily emerging filed from last three decades. It is very significant to astrophysical plasma and quickly progressing in laboratory experiments. In this type of dusty plasma average thermal energy of charged particles due to neighboring particles are much smaller than average potential energy and mathematically Γ ≥ 1. In case of SCCDPs, it has

There are many systems in the atmosphere where dust particles are established. Spaces between the stars are filled with a large amount of dust and gases. Dust particles in the interstellar region are metallic i.e. graphite, magnetite, and amorphous of carbon, dielectric material i.e. silicates and ices, etc. Comets, planetary space, planetary ring, and earth atmosphere are the region of our solar system. Gossamer ring, halo ring, and main rig are the three systems of Jupiter's ring. In the Saturn rings systems are mostly ices and its size vary from meter to micron. A Uranian rings system has major rings such as 6, 5, 4, 3, α, β, η, γ. In Neptune's ring systems appear in curios twisted materials and structure is dirty ice and composition such as iron, nickel, sulfur, earth atmosphere dusty ice, etc. [9]. A simple device for producing dusty plasmas is a dusty plasma device which is a single-ended *Q*-machine modified to allow the dispersal of dust grains. Dusty plasmas are produced by suspending micron-sized dust particles in a stratum of a dc neon glow discharge. Dusty plasma has been for the first time confined in cylindrical symmetric radio frequency plasma (RF) system also in the semiconductor industry.

Dust particles have charge and chemically active species, it is formed and growth in dusty plasma

devices. Sometimes in the form of a mixture of gases such as SiH4, silane, oxygen, O2

high density and low temperature and can be specified in structural farm [6–8].

<sup>K</sup>.<sup>E</sup> <sup>=</sup> *<sup>Q</sup>*<sup>2</sup> \_\_\_\_ 4 <sup>0</sup> \_\_\_1 *k* B *T*

Numerical Approach to Dynamical Structure Factor of Dusty Plasmas

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.78334

is permittivity of free space.

[5], where *k*B is the

133

, and Ar, etc.

thermal energy" and mathematically it can be expressed as: Γ <sup>=</sup> \_\_\_\_ <sup>P</sup>.<sup>E</sup>

Boltzmann constant, *T* is system temperature and *ε*<sup>0</sup>

*1.2.1. Weakly coupled dusty (complex) plasmas (WCCDPs)*

*1.2.2. Strongly coupled dusty (complex) plasma (SCCDPs)*

**1.3. Dusty plasma in atmosphere and laboratory**

**1.4. Role of dust particles and applications**
