**Author details**

**5. Conclusions**

114 Desalination and Water Treatment

CO2

**III.** CO2

An efficient and environment-friendly hybrid desalination process has been demonstrated for the first time with different energy mix for future water supplies. The following advantages

**Table 10.** The comparison of impact of conventional thermal desalination system and proposed hybrid cycle. The hybrid

**I.** Energy consumption and chemical discharge saving up to 99% and 150%, respectively,

**II.** Thermal process integration with AD cycle will save up to 38% energy and up to 80%

**IV.** Overall recovery up to 80% can be achieved without scaling and fouling chances due to

**V.** Integration will help to reduce overall impact to low or moderate level, acceptable level

**VI.** Integration will help to secure future water demand for expected GDP growth rate with minimal impact on environment and by implementing different energy mix for higher

We opine that the higher energy efficiency of hybridized seawater desalination cycles can contribute to meeting the goals of sustainable seawater desalination as outlined under a sub-

emission saving by SWRO+AD up to 99% and by MEDAD up to 30%.

can be observed clearly by implementation of desalination hybridizations:

**Impact**

1 2 3

Probability 1 2 3

Energy 3 × 3 3 x 2

 emission 3 × 3 3 × 1 Chemical rejection 3 × 2 2 × 1 Brine concentration 3 × 1 3 × 2 Brine temperature 1 × 1 1 × 1 Pumps noise 2 × 1 2 × 1

Thermal Hybrid cycle (I × P) (I × P)

by the SWRO hybridization with AD cycle.

cycle reduced all parameters impact to medium and low.

chemical rejection to sea.

low temperature operation.

under COP21 goal.

energy efficiency.

section of the COP21.

Muhammad Wakil Shahzad\*, Doskhan Ybyraiymkul, Muhammad Burhan and Kim Choon Ng

\*Address all correspondence to: muhammad.shahzad@kaust.edu.sa

Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
