**Author details**

three crystalline phases: (1) graphite (C) with a peak of high intensity (100%) on the position 2: 26.52 (ICDD: 00–025-0284); (2) cristobalite (SiO2) with peaks of medium intensity on the

**Figure 7.** XRD of Açaí (*Euterpe oleracea*, Mart) seeds coke after pyrolysis at 450°C and 1.0 atm, in pilot scale.

on the position 2: 20.40 (90.30%) (ICDD: 01-089-8940). The pyrolysis favors the formation of mineralogical phase graphite (C). This is according to the results described in Section 3.2.2,

The experimental results show that bio-oil, gas, water phase, and coke yields were 4.38, 30.56, 29.39, and 35.67% (wt.), respectively. The bio-oil yield of 4.38% (wt.) is lower compared to similar data for bio-oil yield obtained by fast pyrolysis of forestry residues at 520°C reported in the literature [33, 34], ranging from 10 to 20% (wt.). The bio-oil density and viscosity were

literature [35]. The acid value of bio-oil was 70.26 KOH/g, showing the presence of oxygenates compounds, such as carboxylic acids, phenols, cresols, ketones, and aldehydes, confirming

The distillation of bio-oil yielded fossil fuel-like fractions (gasoline, kerosene, and light diesel) of 4.70, 28.21, and 22.35% (wt.), respectively, totalizing 55.26% (wt.), being the results according to similar studies for distillation of bio-oil reported in the literature [22, 23, 25, 37]. The acidity of distillation fractions (gasoline, kerosene, and light diesel-like) increases with increasing boiling temperature, showing a drastic decrease compared to the acidity of raw bio-oil. This i probably due to the high concentration of higher boiling-point compounds in

the distillate fractions, such as p-cresol, o-cresol, guaiacol, phenol, and furans [23].

/s, respectively, being according to similar data reported in the

) with a peak of high intensity

positions 2: 15.07 (71.53%) (ICDD: 01-077-1316); (3) quartz (SiO<sup>2</sup>

whereas a carbonization takes place during the pyrolysis process.

**4. Conclusions**

76 Fractionation

1.0468 g/cm<sup>3</sup>

and 68.34 mm<sup>2</sup>

the results reported by Oasmaa et al. [36].

Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro1,2,3, Haroldo Jorge da Silva Ribeiro1,2, Caio Campos Ferreira1,2, Márcio de Andrade Cordeiro<sup>1</sup> , Lauro Henrique Hamoy Guerreiro<sup>1</sup> Anderson M. Pereira1,2,4, W. G. dos Santos1,2,4, Marcelo Costa Santos1,2, Fernanda B. de Carvalho<sup>3</sup> , Jose Otavio Carrera Silva Junior<sup>3</sup> , R. Lopes e Oliveira<sup>5</sup> , Sergio Duvoisin<sup>5</sup> , Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges6 and Nélio Teixeira Machado1,2\*

,

\*Address all correspondence to: machado@ufpa.br

1 Laboratory of Separation Processes and Applied Thermodynamic (TERM@), Faculty of Chemical Engineering-UFPA, Belém, Pará, Brazil

2 Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering-UFPA, Belém, Pará, Brazil

3 Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy-UFPA, Belém, Pará, Brazil

4 Faculty of Agricultural Sciences-UFAM, Coroado, Brazil

5 Faculty of Chemical Engineering-UEA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

6 Laboratory of Catalyst Preparation and Catalytic Cracking, Section of Chemical Engineering-IME, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
