24. Counseling for genetic testing of embryos

The risks associated with ovarian stimulation should be empathically communicated. The couple should be given the option of not proceeding with IVF and PGD/PGS and the choice should be voluntary. The risks associated with embryo biopsy and extended cultures while waiting for the result of biopsy should be explained. The possibility that in case of a false positive result a healthy embryo will be discarded should be explained. The possibility that in case of a false negative result an abnormal embryo may be transferred should be explained. The couple should also be explained about the options of prenatal testing like maternal serum markers, fetal ultrasound, amniocentesis, chorionic villous sampling and fetal blood sampling. The couple should also be explained about the possibility that if all embryos are found affected embryo transfer will not be carried out. Finally the issue of embryos not transferred (discard, cryopreservation, donation, research) should be discussed.

The couple should also be made aware of alternative methods of avoiding genetic defects (like use of donor gametes).
