**3. Raspcare platform functions**

The proposed platform was tested in the laboratory to validate each planned function, namely, task scheduler (interaction with the television, smartphone and smartwatch); generation of alerts/alarms; blood glucose and pressure measurements and history view.

#### **3.1. Task scheduler**

**Figure 7.** Home screen of the client application.

**Figure 8.** Spreadsheet with data on the patient care plan.

**Table 1.** Commands sent to control the television.

20 Assistive Technologies in Smart Cities

The patient care plan proposed by the health team is loaded locally in the gateway from a storage device, such as pen drive or memory card. Based on the patient care plan, the platform updates the task scheduler on the previously registered Google Calendar account of the patient, logging the medical appointments, medication and measurement times and dietary suggestions and meal hours. Of note, if the patient has no Google account or wished not to use this service, the patient will have at least one active calendar in the gateway that will be used for the television as user interface.

**Figure 9.** Message with the appointment scheduled on the patient's calendar.

Every time the appointment time is reached, the gateway turns the television on, notifying the patient about the task that must be completed, as shown in **Figure 9**.

Warnings generated from the appointment calendar must be acknowledged by the user, both on the portable device, such as the smartphone, smartwatch or tablet and the gateway. From the gateway, the user should simply close the warnings by selecting the button Ok or the close

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Another type of task included in the patient care plan is the periodic measurement of blood glucose or pressure values, whose warning has the same characteristics as the medical appoint-

The notification of the medication task turns the television on through the HDMI port connected to the gateway, and a notification window opens. The user can cancel the manual entry

**Figure 13.** Abnormality notification generated by the gateway and shown on the television.

window symbol in the upper right corner.

ment notification, as shown in **Figure 11**.

**Figure 12.** Authentication request.

Simultaneously, the smartphone and the smartwatch also flag the appointment from the Google Calendar service, as shown in **Figure 10**.

**Figure 10.** Medical appointment notification on the smartphone and smartwatch.

**Figure 11.** Blood pressure measurement notification.

Warnings generated from the appointment calendar must be acknowledged by the user, both on the portable device, such as the smartphone, smartwatch or tablet and the gateway. From the gateway, the user should simply close the warnings by selecting the button Ok or the close window symbol in the upper right corner.

Another type of task included in the patient care plan is the periodic measurement of blood glucose or pressure values, whose warning has the same characteristics as the medical appointment notification, as shown in **Figure 11**.

The notification of the medication task turns the television on through the HDMI port connected to the gateway, and a notification window opens. The user can cancel the manual entry

**Figure 12.** Authentication request.

Every time the appointment time is reached, the gateway turns the television on, notifying the

Simultaneously, the smartphone and the smartwatch also flag the appointment from the

patient about the task that must be completed, as shown in **Figure 9**.

**Figure 10.** Medical appointment notification on the smartphone and smartwatch.

**Figure 11.** Blood pressure measurement notification.

Google Calendar service, as shown in **Figure 10**.

22 Assistive Technologies in Smart Cities

**Figure 13.** Abnormality notification generated by the gateway and shown on the television.


**Figure 14.** E-mail with the message on the abnormal value measured received by the consultant physician.

of the values measured or accept the automatic transfer of data from the device to the gateway. In both options above, a new notification window opens that requests user confirmation

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The Raspcare platform consists of modules that automatically analyse the signals generated

• Abnormal blood glucose and pressure measurements: every time the gateway client application detects an abnormality after measuring blood glucose and pressure values (comparing

by the devices. The result of this analysis may produce two types of alarms:

by biometric authentication, as shown in **Figure 12**.

**Figure 17.** E-mail received by the consultant physician notifying a fall event.

**3.2. Generation of alarms**

**Figure 16.** Web environment notifying falls.

**Figure 15.** Fall detection alarm generated by the WatchAlert application.

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**Figure 16.** Web environment notifying falls.

**Figure 14.** E-mail with the message on the abnormal value measured received by the consultant physician.

24 Assistive Technologies in Smart Cities

**Figure 15.** Fall detection alarm generated by the WatchAlert application.


**Figure 17.** E-mail received by the consultant physician notifying a fall event.

of the values measured or accept the automatic transfer of data from the device to the gateway. In both options above, a new notification window opens that requests user confirmation by biometric authentication, as shown in **Figure 12**.

#### **3.2. Generation of alarms**

The Raspcare platform consists of modules that automatically analyse the signals generated by the devices. The result of this analysis may produce two types of alarms:

• Abnormal blood glucose and pressure measurements: every time the gateway client application detects an abnormality after measuring blood glucose and pressure values (comparing the measured value with a preset value in the application), an alarm is triggered, and three messages are generated. One of them is sent to the television, and a window opens that indicates the reason for the alarm (see **Figure 13**). Another message is sent to the web application, indicating the type of alarm and the monitored patient. Finally, a third message is generated by the web application that sends an e-mail to the consultant physician (see **Figure 14**).

provided by the gateway in terms of task alerts and adding fall detection and logging functions. The selection of devices is used to monitor chronic patients with hypertension and diabetes. Other chronic diseases are also indicated for monitoring but are outside the scope of this study.

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The present study was limited to discussing the technology that helps with chronic patient self-care and the problem of one user per consultant physician. The issues inherent to the monitoring of several concurrent users by the same team are outside the scope of this study

A pilot project aiming at testing the proposed technology is expected in the near future. At least 10 chronic patients with diabetes and hypertension above 70 years old and with a high risk of fall will be selected to test such technology. Internet access at home will be required. After obtained ethical approval and the signed informed consent of the patient, patient will be monitored for at least 6 months, and sensor data will be recorded. Patients will be interviewed in order to evaluate their acceptability. Additionally, recorder data will be used to evaluate

The study was funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)) Universal Call, Process 487098/2013-7; Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education (Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)); Science and Information Technology and Communication in South America (STIC AmSud) Call; and Espírito Santo Research Support Foundation (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo

\*, Matheus Athayde1

 and Rossana Andrade3 \*Address all correspondence to: rodrigova@ifes.edu.br

1 Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil

3 Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil

, Jérôme Boudy<sup>2</sup>

, Paulo Aguilar3

,

and will be addressed in future studies.

usability and impact in patient care.

**Acknowledgements**

(FAPES)) Grant TO 041/2016.

**Conflict of interest**

**Author details**

Italo de Araujo3

Rodrigo Varejão Andreão<sup>1</sup>

2 Télécom SudParis, Évry, France

None.

• Fall detection: every time the fall detection module installed in the smartwatch detects a fall event, an alarm is triggered, and three messages are generated. One of them appears on the smartwatch screen (see **Figure 15**). Another message is sent to the web application, informing about the type of alarm and the monitored patient (see **Figure 16**). Finally, the third message is sent by e-mail to the consultant physician (see **Figure 17**).
