**7. Conclusions and future directions**

The introduction of the novel agents in the treatment of patients with MM has led to unprecedented improvements in survival rates. However, these novel therapies have their own toxicities that include BM suppression and various infectious complications. These infections include bacterial, viral, fungal, mycobacterial, and parasitic infections. Also, they can be local or disseminated and can affect the bloodstream and may invade internal organs, thus causing life-threatening illnesses.

As these infectious complications vary according to the stage of the disease and the specific agents used, prospective and multicentric studies are needed to explore the real extent of these infections in order to establish guidelines for the use of antimicrobial agents in the prophylaxis as well as the treatment of the various infections that can be encountered.
