1.3. Kidney transplant donors

Keywords: kidney transplantation, risk factors, traditional risk factors, nontraditional risk

Organ transplantation is one of the greatest achievements in history of medicine in the twentieth century. Kidney transplantation has become the primary method of treating severe chronic renal failure. The first successful kidney transplant was performed in 1954 in Boston, the graft was in function for 7 years, and patient died because of the heart disease. Over the past decades, organ transplantation has achieved incredible proportions through the development of surgical techniques, organ preservation methods, new diagnostic procedures, but, in

Kidney transplantation has become the primary method of treating severe chronic renal failure. After kidney transplantation, life is better, more quality and longer than during dialysis. It is recommended that all patients in end-stage kidney disease should be considered as potential kidney transplant recipients no matter of absolute contraindications. Because of the lack of available organs for transplant and all possible risks of immunosupresive drugs, careful consideration and adequate preparation of patients are indispensable. All studies related to the preparation of the transplant patient are covered by a protocol that includes detailed medical history, physical examination, system review including an examination by a psychologist. To be considered as transplant recipient, patient should be put on the transplant program's waiting list. To select recipients from a deceased donor in our country, we use the prescribed criteria. Among these criteria, an important place includes a blood type, match between the recipient and the donor, tissue typing, length of time on the dialysis and sensibility of the

Contraindications for kidney transplantation in the recipient may be absolute, relative and temporary. Absolute contraindications: contraindications for general anesthesia or surgery, metastatic malignancy, refractory cardial decompensation, chronic respiratory insufficiency, advanced coronary or cerebrovascular disease, coagulopathy, chronic infection, mental retardation, psychosis, alcoholism, drug addiction. Relative contraindications: frequent respiratory infections, heart failure with frequent exacerbations, frequent digestive bleeding, previous

malignancy, primary renal disease with a high degree of postoperative recurrence.

particular, through discovery of powerful immunosuppressants.

1.2.2. Contraindications for kidney transplantation in the recipient

factors, cardiovascular disease

314 Organ Donation and Transplantation - Current Status and Future Challenges

1. Introduction

1.1. History of transplantation

1.2. Kidney transplant recipients

1.2.1. Becoming a kidney recipient

recipient [1].

The kidney can be transplanted from deceased-donor (cadaveric transplantation) or from living-donors: genetically related (living-related) or nonrelated (living-unrelated) transplants, depending on whether a biological relationship exists between the donor and recipient. The basic prerequisite is for the donor to be mentally and physically healthy and willing to give the kidney. Numerous studies have shown that there are no proteinuria, hypertension or renal insufficiency in the carefully selected donors at 10 and 20 years after the kidneys in relation to the healthy population.
