**4.1. Gross pathology**

Diffuse astrocytomas are ill-defined and subtly discolored, with secondary mass effects. These tumors are most often centered in the subcortical white matter but have a tendency to infiltrate widely and include the cerebral cortex, deep gray structures, and even the contralateral hemisphere. Glioblastoma are classically heterogeneous, with foci of necrosis, and hemorrhage [11, 12].
