*2.2.1.1. Surgical treatment*

Surgical treatment with the goal of early radical surgery is nowadays the first step in the standard of care of low-grade gliomas. Complete tumor removal based on functional borders more than on imagistic ones with the help of neuronavigation, awake surgery, and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IEM) proved to offer a longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with subtotal removal, with reduced neurological deficits [57, 58].
